Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is widely planted in the world, and provides most of the plant protein and oil for humans. Fresh pod and seed are the basic harvested organs in vegetable soybean production, and are important characteristics in vegetable variety registration and product export. To dissect the genetic basis of fresh pod and seed, one RIL population was analyzed for eight related traits under four environments. Eight QTL clusters were detected on seven chromosomes with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) 5.28–17.30% under multiple environments or conferring diverse traits, and six were demonstrated by BLUP values. One pleiotropism QTL on chromosome 20 with PVEs 8.92–17.30% was linked with fresh pod weight, fresh seed weight, length and area under multiple environments, and was verified by BLUP values with PVEs 12.07–16.81%. Moreover, significant phenotype differences between favorable and unfavorable alleles demonstrated these linkage QTLs. The significant correlations of QTL markers for fresh pod length and large-pod phenotype (pod length ≥ 4.5 cm, the criterion for vegetable variety registration and product export) were identified, which provided selection markers for large-pod identification. Further analysis showed that the large-pod RIL parent “C813” possessed six favorable alleles of linked QTLs, and the elite line “L-63” possessed all of the eight favorable alleles, which presented the best phenotypes in the population. Based on these, the candidate genes were identified to present different expressions between RIL parents at different pod developmental-stages. Thus, these QTLs and candidate genes provided novel insights into the genetic basis for vegetable soybean fresh pod and seed in breeding program.

大豆 [甘氨酸最大值(L.) Merr.] 在世界上广泛种植，为人类提供大部分植物蛋白和油。鲜荚和种子是蔬菜大豆生产的基本收获器官，是蔬菜品种注册和产品出口的重要特征。为了剖析新鲜豆荚和种子的遗传基础，在四种环境下分析了一个 RIL 种群的八个相关性状。在 7 条染色体上检测到 8 个 QTL 簇，在多种环境下或赋予不同性状的表型变异解释 (PVE) 为 5.28-17.30%，其中 6 个由 BLUP 值证明。20 号染色体上的一个 PVE 为 8.92-17.30% 的多向性 QTL 与多种环境下的鲜荚重、鲜种子重、长度和面积相关，并通过 PVE 为 12.07-16.81% 的 BLUP 值验证。而且，有利和不利等位基因之间的显着表型差异证明了这些连锁 QTL。鉴定了鲜果荚长与大果荚表型（果荚长≥4.5 cm，蔬菜品种登记和产品出口标准）的QTL标记之间的显着相关性，为大果荚鉴定提供了选择标记。进一步分析表明，大荚RIL亲本“C813”拥有6个连锁QTL的有利等位基因，而精英系“L-63”则拥有全部8个有利等位基因，在群体中表现出最好的表型。基于这些，确定了候选基因在不同豆荚发育阶段在 RIL 亲本之间呈现不同的表达。因此，