Dicarbonyl stress describes the increased formation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and is associated with age-related pathologies. The role of dicarbonyl stress in healthy aging is poorly understood. In a preliminary study, we analyzed 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, namely 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) in plasma of older (25 months, n = 11) and younger (5 months, n = 14) male C57BL/6J (B6) mice via ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Postprandial 3-DG was higher in younger compared to older mice, whereas no differences were found for GO and MGO. Subsequently, in the main study, we analyzed fasting serum of older women (OW, 72.4 ± 6.14 years, n = 19) and younger women (YW, 27.0 ± 4.42 years, n = 19) as well as older men (OM, 74.3 ± 5.20 years, n = 15) and younger men (YM, 27.0 ± 3.34, n = 15). Serum glucose, insulin, 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations, and markers of oxidative stress were quantified. In a subgroup of this cohort, an oral dextrose challenge was performed, and postprandial response of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, glucose, and insulin were measured. In women, there were no age differences regarding fasting 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations nor the response after the oral dextrose challenge. In men, fasting MGO was significantly higher in OM compared to YM (median: 231 vs 158 nM, p = .006), whereas no age differences in fasting 3-DG and GO concentrations were found. Glucose (310 ± 71.8 vs 70.8 ± 11.9 min·mmol/L) and insulin (7 149 ± 1 249 vs 2 827 ± 493 min·µIU/mL) response were higher in OM compared to YM, which did not translate into a higher 1,2-dicarbonyl response in older individuals. Overall, aging does not necessarily result in dicarbonyl stress, indicating that strategies to cope with 1,2-dicarbonyl formation can remain intact.

中文翻译：

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健康老年人的空腹浓度和 1,2-二羰基化合物 3-脱氧葡萄糖酮、乙二醛和甲基乙二醛的餐后反应没有增加

二羰基应激描述了 1,2-二羰基化合物的形成增加，并且与年龄相关的病理有关。二羰基应激在健康衰老中的作用知之甚少。在一项初步研究中，我们分析了年龄较大（25 个月，n = 11）和年轻（5个月，n = 14) 雄性 C57BL/6J (B6) 小鼠通过超高效液相色谱串联质谱法。与年长小鼠相比，年轻小鼠的餐后 3-DG 较高，而 GO 和 MGO 没有发现差异。随后，在主要研究中，我们分析了老年女性（OW，72.4 ± 6.14 岁，n = 19）和年轻女性（YW，27.0 ± 4.42 岁，n = 19）以及老年男性（OM，74.3 ± 5.20 岁，n = 15）和年轻男性（YM，27.0 ± 3.34，n = 15）。对血清葡萄糖、胰岛素、1,2-二羰基浓度和氧化应激标志物进行量化。在该队列的一个亚组中，进行了口服葡萄糖激发试验，并测量了 1,2-二羰基化合物、葡萄糖和胰岛素的餐后反应。在女性中，空腹 1,2-二羰基浓度和口服葡萄糖激发后的反应没有年龄差异。在男性中，OM 中的空腹 MGO 显着高于 YM（中位数：231 对 158 nM，p = .006），而空腹 3-DG 和 GO 浓度没有发现年龄差异。与 YM 相比，OM 中的葡萄糖（310 ± 71.8 vs 70.8 ± 11.9 min·mmol/L）和胰岛素（7 149 ± 1 249 vs 2 827 ± 493 min·μIU/mL）反应更高，这并没有转化为更高老年人的 1,2-二羰基反应。全面的，