Gynecological and breast cancers are a group of heterogeneous malignant tumors. Although existing treatment strategies have ameliorated the clinical outcomes of patients, the overall survival rate of advanced diseases remains unsatisfactory. Increasing evidence has indicated that the development and prognosis of tumors are closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME), which restricts the immune response and provokes malignant progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main component of TME and act as a key regulator in tumor metastasis, immunosuppression and therapeutic resistance. Several preclinical trials have studied potential drugs that target TAMs to achieve potent anticancer therapy. This review focuses on the various functions of TAMs and how they influence the carcinogenesis of gynecological and breast cancers through regulating cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis and tumor-related immunosuppression. Besides, we also discuss the potential application of disabling TAMs signaling as a part of cancer therapeutic strategies, as well as CAR macrophages, TAMs-based vaccines and TAMs nanobiotechnology. These research advances support that targeting TAMs combined with conventional therapy might be used as effective therapeutics for gynecological and breast cancers in the future.

中文翻译：

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失调的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在妇科和乳腺癌的癌变、进展和靶向治疗中的作用

妇科和乳腺癌是一组异质性恶性肿瘤。尽管现有的治疗策略已经改善了患者的临床结果，但晚期疾病的总体生存率仍然不令人满意。越来越多的证据表明，肿瘤的发展和预后与肿瘤微环境（TME）密切相关，肿瘤微环境限制了免疫反应并引发了恶性进展。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (TAM) 是 TME 的主要成分，在肿瘤转移、免疫抑制和治疗抵抗中起着关键调节作用。几项临床前试验研究了靶向 TAM 以实现有效抗癌治疗的潜在药物。本综述重点关注 TAM 的各种功能以及它们如何通过调节癌细胞增殖、肿瘤血管生成和肿瘤相关免疫抑制来影响妇科和乳腺癌的癌变。此外，我们还讨论了禁用 TAM 信号作为癌症治疗策略的一部分的潜在应用，以及 CAR 巨噬细胞、基于 TAM 的疫苗和 TAM 纳米生物技术。这些研究进展支持靶向 TAMs 结合常规疗法可能在未来用作妇科和乳腺癌的有效疗法。基于 TAM 的疫苗和 TAM 纳米生物技术。这些研究进展支持靶向 TAMs 结合常规疗法可能在未来用作妇科和乳腺癌的有效疗法。基于 TAM 的疫苗和 TAM 纳米生物技术。这些研究进展支持靶向 TAMs 结合常规疗法可能在未来用作妇科和乳腺癌的有效疗法。