The acute response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to resistance exercise and nutrition is often used to inform recommendations for exercise programming and dietary interventions, particularly protein nutrition, to support and enhance muscle growth with training. Those recommendations are worthwhile only if there is a predictive relationship between the acute response of MPS and subsequent muscle hypertrophy during resistance exercise training. The metabolic basis for muscle hypertrophy is the dynamic balance between the synthesis and degradation of myofibrillar proteins in muscle. There is ample evidence that the process of MPS is much more responsive to exercise and nutrition interventions than muscle protein breakdown. Thus, it is intuitively satisfying to translate the acute changes in MPS to muscle hypertrophy with training over a longer time frame. Our aim is to examine and critically evaluate the strength and nature of this relationship. Moreover, we examine the methodological and physiological factors related to measurement of MPS and changes in muscle hypertrophy that contribute to uncertainty regarding this relationship. Finally, we attempt to offer recommendations for practical and contextually relevant application of the information available from studies of the acute response of MPS to optimize muscle hypertrophy with training.

肌肉蛋白质合成 (MPS) 对阻力运动和营养的急性反应通常用于为运动计划和饮食干预的建议提供信息，特别是蛋白质营养，以通过训练支持和增强肌肉生长。只有当 MPS 的急性反应与阻力运动训练期间随后的肌肉肥大之间存在预测关系时，这些建议才有价值。肌肉肥大的代谢基础是肌肉中肌原纤维蛋白合成与降解之间的动态平衡。有充分的证据表明，与肌肉蛋白质分解相比，MPS 的过程对运动和营养干预的反应要大得多。因此，通过较长时间的训练，将 MPS 的急性变化转化为肌肉肥大，这在直觉上是令人满意的。我们的目标是检查和批判性地评估这种关系的强度和性质。此外，我们检查了与 MPS 测量相关的方法和生理因素以及导致这种关系不确定性的肌肉肥大变化。最后，我们尝试就 MPS 急性反应研究中获得的信息的实际应用和上下文相关应用提供建议，以通过训练优化肌肉肥大。我们研究了与 MPS 测量相关的方法和生理因素以及导致这种关系不确定性的肌肉肥大变化。最后，我们尝试就 MPS 急性反应研究中获得的信息的实际应用和上下文相关应用提供建议，以通过训练优化肌肉肥大。我们研究了与 MPS 测量相关的方法和生理因素以及导致这种关系不确定性的肌肉肥大变化。最后，我们尝试就 MPS 急性反应研究中获得的信息的实际应用和上下文相关应用提供建议，以通过训练优化肌肉肥大。