Good health is essential for sustainable development; the other sustainable development goals cannot be achieved with prevalent high rates of debilitating infectious and non-infectious illnesses and without physical, mental and social wellbeing in the population (UN General Assembly, 2012). The third goal of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda addresses health and sustainable development by linking health to indicators related to environmental factors, such as air and water pollution. In this research, we use the two most prominent methods for the SDG's performance measurement at the country level: the simple mean Bertelsmann Index – BI (Lafortune et al., 2018; Sachs et al., 2018) and the OECD's Distance Measure Index – DMI (OECD, 2017) by using the air pollution, poisoning, poor sanitation, and unsafe water indicators of the third SDG goal for 107 United Nations countries for the period between 1990 and 2017. The above countries are divided into four income categories, corresponding to the 2020–2021 World Bank income classification: Low Income, Lower–Middle Income, Upper–Middle Income and High Income. Finally, looking at the performance indicators in combination with the country income categories, we conclude a positive relationship between BI and income and a negative relationship between DMI and income.

良好的健康对可持续发展至关重要；其他可持续发展目标无法实现，因为传染性和非传染性疾病的患病率很高，而且人口没有身体、精神和社会福祉（联合国大会，2012 年）。2030 年可持续发展议程的第三个目标通过将健康与环境因素相关的指标（如空气和水污染）联系起来，解决健康和可持续发展问题。在本研究中，我们使用两种最突出的方法来衡量国家层面的可持续发展目标绩效：简单平均贝塔斯曼指数 – BI（Lafortune 等人，2018 年；Sachs 等人，2018 年）和经合组织的距离衡量指数 – DMI (OECD, 2017) 通过使用空气污染、中毒、卫生条件差、1990 年至 2017 年期间 107 个联合国国家可持续发展目标第三个目标的不安全用水指标。 上述国家分为四个收入类别，对应于世界银行 2020-2021 年的收入分类：低收入、中低收入、中上收入和高收入。最后，结合国家收入类别查看绩效指标，我们得出 BI 与收入之间的正相关关系以及 DMI 与收入之间的负相关关系。