当前位置: X-MOL 学术Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: a recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.033
Celina You 1, 2 , Milan Jirků 3 , David L Corcoran 4 , William Parker 1, 2 , Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková 3, 5
Affiliation  

In a single human gut, which is estimated to produce 1000-times more bacteria in a single day than the entire human population on Earth as of 2020, the potential for evolution is vast. In addition to the sheer volume of reproductive events, prokaryotes can transfer most genes horizontally, greatly accelerating their potential to evolve. In the face of this evolutionary potential, Westernization has led to profound changes in the ecosystem of the gut, including increased chronic inflammation in many individuals and dramatically reduced fiber consumption and decreased seasonal variation in the diet of most individuals. Experimental work using a variety of model systems has shown that bacteria will evolve within days to weeks when faced with substantial environmental changes. However, studies evaluating the effects of inflammation of the gut on the microbiota are still in their infancy and generally confounded by the effects of the microbiota on the immune system. At the same time, experimental data indicate that complete loss of fiber from the diet constitutes an extinction-level event for the gut microbiota. However, these studies evaluating diet may not apply to Westernized humans who typically have reduced but not absent levels of fiber in their diet. Thus, while it is expected that the microbiota will evolve rapidly in the face of Westernization, experimental studies that address the magnitude of that evolution are generally lacking, and it remains unknown to what extent this evolutionary process affects disease and the ability to treat the disease state.



中文翻译:

改变的肠道生态系统加上微生物群的快速进化潜力:不可避免的变化和未知后果的秘诀

据估计,截至 2020 年,一个人类肠道每天产生的细菌数量是地球上总人口的 1000 倍,进化的潜力是巨大的。除了大量的繁殖事件外,原核生物还可以水平转移大多数基因,大大加快了它们的进化潜力。面对这种进化潜力,西化导致肠道生态系统发生深刻变化,包括许多人的慢性炎症增加,纤维消耗量显着减少,大多数人饮食的季节性变化减少。使用各种模型系统的实验工作表明,当面临重大环境变化时,细菌会在数天到数周内进化。然而,评估肠道炎症对微生物群影响的研究仍处于起步阶段,通常会被微生物群对免疫系统的影响所混淆。同时,实验数据表明,饮食中纤维的完全丧失构成了肠道微生物群的灭绝级事件。然而,这些评估饮食的研究可能不适用于西方化的人,他们的饮食中通常减少但不缺乏纤维水平。因此,虽然预计微生物群将在西方化的情况下迅速进化,但通常缺乏解决这种进化程度的实验研究,而且这种进化过程在多大程度上影响疾病和治疗疾病的能力仍然未知状态。

更新日期:2021-10-30
down
wechat
bug