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Legally Mandated, Formally Pressured, or Voluntary Anger Treatment: Associations With Treatment Recommendations, Refusal, and Completion
Journal of Interpersonal Violence ( IF 2.621 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-29 , DOI: 10.1177/08862605211050100
Michael C Seto 1 , Lindsay V Healey 1 , Adekunle G Ahmed 1
Affiliation  

Legally mandated treatment is common in the criminal justice system, for example, for anger management, substance misuse, and intimate partner violence. Past studies have compared voluntary and legally mandated treatment participants but have not distinguished a third, in-between group that is formally pressured to participate in treatment, but not mandated by the criminal justice system. The current study aimed to assess differences on individual characteristics (e.g., sociodemographic and psychiatric) and baseline measures of psychopathology (e.g., anger, aggression, and depression) across three levels of voluntariness and to determine whether voluntariness was associated with treatment recommendation, refusal, and completion at an outpatient anger treatment clinic. Data were retrospectively gathered from the clinical charts of 405 participants. Referrals were classified as voluntary (e.g., self-referred, 61%), formally pressured (e.g., required by work, 14%), or legally mandated (e.g., court order, 25%). Legally mandated participants were younger, more likely to have substance use disorder, less likely to be women, to have a high school education, or to be on psychiatric medications compared to the other two groups. Voluntary participants scored higher on measures of self-reported anger, depression, and stress than the legally mandated participants. Legally mandated participants in particular presented with non-clinical levels of anger and aggression. Level of voluntariness did not affect the decision to recommend individual or group therapy after an intake assessment, but legally mandated participants were significantly more likely (OR = 2.30) than voluntary participants to refuse recommended treatment. Level of voluntariness did not have a significant association with treatment completion. Findings support our distinction between legally mandated and formally pressured participants, but do not support previous research that suggests legally mandated individuals have lower attrition rates in similar treatment programs. The study has implications for the criminal justice system and for anger treatment programs who admit participants with varying levels of voluntariness.



中文翻译:

法律强制、正式压力或自愿的愤怒治疗:与治疗建议、拒绝和完成的关联

法律规定的治疗在刑事司法系统中很常见,例如,用于愤怒管理、药物滥用和亲密伴侣暴力。过去的研究比较了自愿和法律强制治疗的参与者,但没有区分第三个中间群体,他们在正式压力下参与治疗,但不受刑事司法系统的强制要求。目前的研究旨在评估个体特征(例如,社会人口学和精神病学)和心理病理学基线测量(例如,愤怒、攻击性和抑郁)在三个自愿性水平上的差异,并确定自愿性是否与治疗建议、拒绝、并在门诊愤怒治疗诊所完成。数据是从 405 名参与者的临床图表中回顾性收集的。推荐分为自愿(例如,自我推荐,61%)、正式压力(例如,工作需要,14%)或法律强制(例如,法院命令,25%)。与其他两组相比,法律规定的参与者更年轻,更有可能患有物质使用障碍,不太可能是女性,受过高中教育或服用精神药物。自愿参与者在自我报告的愤怒、抑郁和压力方面的得分高于法定参与者。法律规定的参与者尤其表现出非临床水平的愤怒和攻击性。自愿程度并不影响在接受评估后推荐个人或团体治疗的决定,但法律规定的参与者更有可能(自我推荐,61%)、正式压力(例如,工作要求,14%)或法律强制(例如,法院命令,25%)。与其他两组相比,法律规定的参与者更年轻,更有可能患有物质使用障碍,不太可能是女性,受过高中教育或服用精神药物。自愿参与者在自我报告的愤怒、抑郁和压力方面的得分高于法定参与者。法律规定的参与者尤其表现出非临床水平的愤怒和攻击性。自愿程度并不影响在接受评估后推荐个人或团体治疗的决定,但法律规定的参与者更有可能(自我推荐,61%)、正式压力(例如,工作要求,14%)或法律强制(例如,法院命令,25%)。与其他两组相比,法律规定的参与者更年轻,更有可能患有物质使用障碍,不太可能是女性,受过高中教育或服用精神药物。自愿参与者在自我报告的愤怒、抑郁和压力方面的得分高于法定参与者。法律规定的参与者尤其表现出非临床水平的愤怒和攻击性。自愿程度并不影响在接受评估后推荐个人或团体治疗的决定,但法律规定的参与者更有可能(法院命令,25%)。与其他两组相比,法律规定的参与者更年轻,更有可能患有物质使用障碍,不太可能是女性,受过高中教育或服用精神药物。自愿参与者在自我报告的愤怒、抑郁和压力方面的得分高于法定参与者。法律规定的参与者尤其表现出非临床水平的愤怒和攻击性。自愿程度并不影响在接受评估后推荐个人或团体治疗的决定,但法律规定的参与者更有可能(法院命令,25%)。与其他两组相比,法律规定的参与者更年轻,更有可能患有物质使用障碍,不太可能是女性,受过高中教育或服用精神药物。自愿参与者在自我报告的愤怒、抑郁和压力方面的得分高于法定参与者。法律规定的参与者尤其表现出非临床水平的愤怒和攻击性。自愿程度并不影响在接受评估后推荐个人或团体治疗的决定,但法律规定的参与者更有可能(或与其他两组相比服用精神药物。自愿参与者在自我报告的愤怒、抑郁和压力方面的得分高于法定参与者。法律规定的参与者尤其表现出非临床水平的愤怒和攻击性。自愿程度并不影响在接受评估后推荐个人或团体治疗的决定,但法律规定的参与者更有可能(或与其他两组相比服用精神药物。自愿参与者在自我报告的愤怒、抑郁和压力方面的得分高于法定参与者。法律规定的参与者尤其表现出非临床水平的愤怒和攻击性。自愿程度并不影响在接受评估后推荐个人或团体治疗的决定,但法律规定的参与者更有可能(OR = 2.30) 比自愿参与者拒绝推荐的治疗。自愿程度与治疗完成没有显着关联。调查结果支持我们区分法律强制参与者和正式压力参与者,但不支持之前的研究表明法律强制个人在类似治疗计划中的流失率较低。该研究对刑事司法系统和接纳自愿程度不同的参与者的愤怒治疗计划有影响。

更新日期:2021-10-30
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