Current best-practice policy recommendations for managing fish stocks are achieved by a mixture of maintaining modest fishing mortality (restricting effort, times and gear), marine reserve networks and not subsidizing unprofitable fisheries. A seldom evaluated question is how effective these proposed approaches are for maintaining all fish stocks and biodiversity elements in marine seascapes? Both recommended and unrecommended fishing practices fragment habitats and reduce metapopulation connectivity with potentially unexpected seascape-level consequences. To better understand these outcomes, we pooled and evaluated fish community data into two seascape groupings for comparisons of biomass and life-history characteristics. These were remote baseline reefs (>9 hr from regional cities and >4 hr from human habitation, n = 584 locations) and those emulating best-practice seascapes (BPS, n = 140). BPS were a mix of high-compliance marine reserves (fishable biomass = 892 ± 696 (±SD) kg/ha, n = 95; >5 km² and >15 years of closure) and fished seascapes (478 ± 395 kg/ha, n = 45) that had biomass near the maximum sustained yield (MSY) estimates for coral reefs. The fish communities in the BPS locations differed considerably from the remote baseline by having 49% of the median and 32% of the mean biomass, smaller community-weighted body sizes, and faster growth and mortality rates. Most of the declines were associated with high biomass taxa that included carnivorous jacks (Carangidae), snappers (Lutjanidae), groupers (Serranidae) and triggerfish (Balistidae), which were reduced to between 11% and 28% of the mean baseline. Surgeonfish (Acanthuridae) and parrotfish (Scarinae) were an exception in being reduced to only 48 and 53% of the baseline's mean biomass, respectively. As expected, community-level body sizes and age values were larger and trophic level higher, while growth and mortality were lower in baselines than BPS seascapes. After evaluating the different environmental responses between seascapes and accounting for the largest geographic factor, longitude, we evaluated the community responses to 4 possible BPS planning scenarios. Biomass responses to age and trophic level and length at maturity were similar and predictable for the two seascapes. In contrast, growth and generation time responses differed between seascapes. Baselines had peak biomass patterns at intermediate values, whereas BPS displayed a declining influence of growth and a saturating response for generation time. Consequently, deviations between BPS and baselines indicate that current BPS proposals do not fully emulate the ecology of remote or wilderness locations. Therefore, wilderness will be a required management designation if the global fish communities are to be fully conserved.

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与种群减少和生活史变化相关的最佳实践渔业管理

目前管理鱼类种群的最佳实践政策建议是通过保持适度的捕捞死亡率（限制努力、时间和渔具）、海洋保护区网络和不补贴无利可图的渔业来实现的。一个很少被评估的问题是，这些提议的方法对于维持海洋景观中的所有鱼类种群和生物多样性元素的效果如何？推荐和不推荐的捕捞方式都破坏了栖息地并减少了种群的连通性，并可能带来意想不到的海景级后果。为了更好地理解这些结果，我们将鱼类群落数据汇总并评估为两个海景组，以比较生物量和生活史特征。这些是偏远的基线珊瑚礁（距区域城市 > 9 小时，距人类居住区 > 4 小时，n = 584 个地点）和那些模仿最佳实践海景的地点（BPS，n  = 140）。BPS 是高合规海洋保护区（可捕捞生物量 = 892 ± 696 (± SD ) kg/ha，n  = 95；>5 km ²和 >15 年关闭）和可捕捞海景（478 ± 395 kg/ha , n = 45)，其生物量接近珊瑚礁的最大持续产量 (MSY) 估计值。BPS 位置的鱼类群落与偏远基线有很大不同，它们具有 49% 的中位数和 32% 的平均生物量、更小的群落加权体型以及更快的生长和死亡率。大多数下降与高生物量分类群有关，包括食肉千斤顶（Carangidae）、鲷鱼（Lutjanidae）、石斑鱼（Serranidae）和引金鱼（Balistidae），这些分类群减少到平均基线的11%到28%之间。Surgeonfish (Acanthuridae) 和 parrotfish (Scarinae) 是一个例外，它们分别减少到基线平均生物量的 48% 和 53%。正如预期的那样，社区级的体型和年龄值更大，营养级更高，而基线的生长和死亡率低于 BPS 海景。在评估了海景之间的不同环境响应并考虑了最大的地理因素经度后，我们评估了社区对 4 种可能的 BPS 规划方案的响应。对于这两种海景，生物量对年龄、营养水平和成熟长度的反应相似且可预测。相比之下，海景之间的生长和世代时间反应不同。基线在中间值处具有峰值生物量模式，而 BPS 显示出生长的影响下降和世代时间的饱和响应。因此，BPS 和基线之间的偏差表明，当前的 BPS 提案并未完全模拟偏远或荒野地区的生态。所以，