Lignocellulosic biomass wastes can be considered as renewable and abundantly available resources, but it is a big challenge to convert them into valuable products via environmentally friendly and cost-effective approaches. Herein, a facile two-step hydrothermal-pyrolysis method is developed to fully convert the lignocellulosic biomass wastes into N-doped biochar-stabilized Co nanoparticles (Co–N/biochar) and bio-oil enriched with value-added small compounds. The as-synthesized Co–N/biochar, with uniform N doping and well-dispersed Co nanoparticles, presents favorable activities for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade refractory organic contaminants. The underlying PMS activation and pollutant degradation mechanism is illuminated with free radical quenching experiments and an electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. The nonradical pathway is demonstrated to be dominant in the pollutant degradation with the PMS/Co–N/biochar system. The singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generated from PMS activation is identified as the main contribution species for the pollutant degradation process. This work will provide a new approach to fully convert the biomass wastes into bio-oil and functional biochar materials with prominent activities.

中文翻译：

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将生物质废物热解为 N 掺杂生物炭稳定的 Co 纳米颗粒，通过过氧单硫酸盐活化有效降解污染物

木质纤维素生物质废物可被视为可再生且可利用的丰富资源，但通过环境友好且具有成本效益的方法将其转化为有价值的产品是一项巨大的挑战。在此，开发了一种简便的两步水热-热解方法，将木质纤维素生物质废物完全转化为 N 掺杂的生物炭稳定的 Co 纳米颗粒（Co-N/生物炭）和富含增值小化合物的生物油。合成的 Co-N/生物炭具有均匀的 N 掺杂和良好分散的 Co 纳米颗粒，具有激活过硫酸盐 (PMS) 以降解难降解有机污染物的有利活性。自由基猝灭实验和电子顺磁共振分析阐明了潜在的 PMS 活化和污染物降解机制。非自由基途径被证明在 PMS/Co-N/生物炭系统的污染物降解中占主导地位。单线态氧（PMS 活化产生的¹ O ₂ ) 被确定为污染物降解过程的主要贡献物种。这项工作将为将生物质废物完全转化为具有突出活性的生物油和功能性生物炭材料提供一种新方法。