A solar-driven charging device composed of a photovoltaic module and a supercapacitor is proposed. Based on the equivalent circuit model of the device, the current–voltage relationship of the hybrid system is established. The energy conversion and storage efficiency and the energy stored in the supercapacitor as functions of the charging time have been derived. The advantage of the theoretical model is that the effects of the series resistance, parallel resistance, solar irradiance, and operating temperature on the charging performance of the supercapacitor can be evaluated. The optimal relationships between the capacitance of the supercapacitor and the charging time at different external conditions, i.e., the optimally matching conditions of the supercapacitor, have been provided. Results show that the proposed theoretical analysis method is capable of efficiently evaluating the performance of photo-supercapacitors under given parameters of practical photovoltaic systems. The proposed model may pave the foundation for the future development of supercapacitors driven by commercial PV modules.

中文翻译：

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光伏组件充电超级电容器的优化设计

提出了一种由光伏组件和超级电容器组成的太阳能驱动充电装置。基于装置的等效电路模型，建立了混合系统的电流-电压关系。已经推导出能量转换和存储效率以及存储在超级电容器中的能量作为充电时间的函数。该理论模型的优点是可以评估串联电阻、并联电阻、太阳辐照度和工作温度对超级电容器充电性能的影响。给出了在不同外界条件下超级电容器的电容量与充电时间的最佳关系，即超级电容器的最佳匹配条件。结果表明，所提出的理论分析方法能够在实际光伏系统的给定参数下有效地评估光超级电容器的性能。所提出的模型可能为未来由商用光伏组件驱动的超级电容器的发展奠定基础。