This paper tackles the problem of the propagation of charging information in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) and the decentralized allocation of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging pairs. Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained the attention of various sectors as a green alternative to the air-polluting fuel-based vehicles. However, due to the limitation of the EVs' battery capacity and the shortage in the number of charging stations causing significant waiting time to charge, V2V charging has emerged as a promising solution to help address these issues. Mainly, V2V solutions need to define two mechanisms: an information dissemination mechanism and a charging pairs allocation mechanism. In the literature, two architectures are proposed: centralized and semi-distributed using VANET. However, in addition to suffering from the single point of failure problem, centralized solutions consider only connected vehicles during the charging pair allocation. On the other hand, existing VANET based solutions address the problem of charging information dissemination while still performing the allocation of V2V charging pairs in a centralized way. In this paper, we propose an ad-hoc-based solution for V2V charging where both information dissemination and charging pairs allocation are performed over VANET. To do so, at the application layer of VANET, a decentralized protocol for V2V is proposed. This protocol is divided into two phases: providers announcement where consumers in the network can discover the nearby providers, and provider-consumer allocation where providers select the appropriate consumer based on the received $OFFER$s. At the network layer, Quality of Service-Optimized Link State Routing (QoS-OLSR) is used to find routing paths using the Multi-Point Relays (MPRs). These MPRs are in fact utilized by the protocol to propagate the announcement of the providers to the network. The simulation results show high performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. In addition, in terms of payoff and allocation rate, the proposed protocol performs better than centralized allocation in the presence of disconnected EVs.

本文解决了车载自组织网络 (VANET) 中充电信息的传播问题和车对车 (V2V) 充电对的分散分配问题。电动汽车 (EV) 作为污染空气的燃料汽车的绿色替代品，已引起各行各业的关注。然而，由于电动汽车电池容量的限制和充电站数量不足导致充电等待时间长，V2V充电已成为帮助解决这些问题的有前途的解决方案。V2V解决方案主要需要定义两种机制：信息发布机制和计费对分配机制。在文献中，提出了两种架构：使用 VANET 的集中式和半分布式。然而，除了存在单点故障问题外，集中式解决方案在充电对分配过程中仅考虑联网车辆。另一方面，现有的基于VANET的解决方案解决了充电信息传播的问题，同时仍然以集中的方式进行V2V充电对的分配。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于 ad-hoc 的 V2V 充电解决方案，其中信息传播和充电对分配都通过 VANET 执行。为此，在 VANET 的应用层，提出了一种去中心化的 V2V 协议。该协议分为两个阶段：现有的基于 VANET 的解决方案解决了充电信息传播的问题，同时仍然以集中的方式执行 V2V 充电对的分配。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于 ad-hoc 的 V2V 充电解决方案，其中信息传播和充电对分配都通过 VANET 执行。为此，在 VANET 的应用层，提出了一种去中心化的 V2V 协议。该协议分为两个阶段：现有的基于 VANET 的解决方案解决了充电信息传播的问题，同时仍然以集中的方式执行 V2V 充电对的分配。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于 ad-hoc 的 V2V 充电解决方案，其中信息传播和充电对分配都通过 VANET 执行。为此，在 VANET 的应用层，提出了一种去中心化的 V2V 协议。该协议分为两个阶段：提供者公告，网络中的消费者可以发现附近的提供者，以及提供者-消费者分配，其中提供者根据收到的信息选择合适的消费者$哦FF乙\mathrm{电阻}$s。在网络层，服务质量优化链路状态路由 (QoS-OLSR) 用于使用多点中继 (MPR) 查找路由路径。这些 MPR 实际上被协议用来将提供者的公告传播到网络。仿真结果表明所提出的协议在数据包交付率和端到端延迟方面的高性能。此外，在收益和分配率方面，所提出的协议在存在断开连接的 EV 的情况下比集中分配表现更好。