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Fire disturbance promotes biodiversity of plants, lichens and birds in the Siberian subarctic tundra
Global Change Biology ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-27 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15963
Ramona J Heim 1 , Wieland Heim 1, 2 , Helga Bültmann 1 , Johannes Kamp 3 , Daniel Rieker 4 , Andrey Yurtaev 5 , Norbert Hölzel 1
Affiliation  

Fire shapes the world's terrestrial ecosystems and has been influencing biodiversity patterns for millennia. Anthropogenic drivers alter fire regimes. Wildfires can amplify changes in the structure, biodiversity and functioning of the fast-warming tundra ecosystem. However, there is little evidence available, how these fires affect species diversity and community composition of tundra ecosystems over the long term. We studied long-term fire effects on community composition and diversity at different trophic levels of the food web in the subarctic tundra of Western Siberia. In a space-for-time approach we compared three large fire scars (>44, 28 and 12 years old) to unburnt controls. We found that diversity (measured as species richness, Shannon index and evenness) of vascular and non-vascular plants and birds was strongly affected by fire, with the greatest species richness of plants and birds for the intermediate-age fire scar (28 years). Species composition of plants and birds still differed from that of the control >44 years after fire. Increased deciduous shrub cover was related to species richness of all plants in a hump-shaped manner. The proportion of southern (taiga) bird species was highest in the oldest fire scar, which had the highest shrub cover. We conclude that tundra fires have long-term legacies with regard to species diversity and community composition. They may also increase landscape-scale species richness and facilitate range expansions of more southerly distributed species to the subarctic tundra ecosystem.

中文翻译:

火灾干扰促进了西伯利亚亚北极苔原植物、地衣和鸟类的生物多样性

火灾塑造了世界陆地生态系统,并影响了数千年来的生物多样性模式。人为驱动因素会改变火灾状况。野火可以放大快速变暖的苔原生态系统的结构、生物多样性和功能的变化。然而,很少有证据表明这些火灾如何长期影响苔原生态系统的物种多样性和群落组成。我们研究了西西伯利亚亚北极苔原食物网不同营养水平的群落组成和多样性的长期火灾影响。在以空间换时间的方法中,我们将三个大的火痕(> 44、28 和 12 岁)与未燃烧的对照组进行了比较。我们发现维管和非维管植物和鸟类的多样性(以物种丰富度、香农指数和均匀度衡量)受到火灾的强烈影响,中年火痕(28 岁)的植物和鸟类物种丰富度最高。植物和鸟类的物种组成仍然与火灾后> 44 年的对照不同。落叶灌木覆盖率的增加与所有植物的物种丰富度呈驼峰状相关。在最古老的火痕中,南方(针叶林)鸟类的比例最高,灌木覆盖率最高。我们得出结论,苔原火灾在物种多样性和群落组成方面具有长期影响。它们还可能增加景观规模的物种丰富度,并促进更南端分布的物种向亚北极苔原生态系统的范围扩展。植物和鸟类的物种组成仍然与火灾后> 44 年的对照不同。落叶灌木覆盖率的增加与所有植物的物种丰富度呈驼峰状相关。在最古老的火痕中,南方(针叶林)鸟类的比例最高,灌木覆盖率最高。我们得出结论,苔原火灾在物种多样性和群落组成方面具有长期影响。它们还可能增加景观规模的物种丰富度,并促进更南端分布的物种向亚北极苔原生态系统的范围扩展。植物和鸟类的物种组成仍然与火灾后> 44 年的对照不同。落叶灌木覆盖率的增加与所有植物的物种丰富度呈驼峰状相关。在最古老的火痕中,南方(针叶林)鸟类的比例最高,灌木覆盖率最高。我们得出结论,苔原火灾在物种多样性和群落组成方面具有长期影响。它们还可能增加景观规模的物种丰富度,并促进更南端分布的物种向亚北极苔原生态系统的范围扩展。其中灌木覆盖率最高。我们得出结论,苔原火灾在物种多样性和群落组成方面具有长期影响。它们还可能增加景观规模的物种丰富度,并促进更南端分布的物种向亚北极苔原生态系统的范围扩展。其中灌木覆盖率最高。我们得出结论,苔原火灾在物种多样性和群落组成方面具有长期影响。它们还可能增加景观规模的物种丰富度,并促进更南端分布的物种向亚北极苔原生态系统的范围扩展。
更新日期:2022-01-05
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