Individuals have long occupied a precarious position within international law. Historically, conceived as the relation between states, international law rarely saw a need to consider individual claims; it was, instead, the role of states to bring claims on behalf of their nationals. As international law has become increasingly fragmented, however, globalization has thrust the individual onto the international legal plane.Within this landscape, we briefly consider individuals’ claims across three separate international regimes: (i) the International Court of Justice, (ii) investment treaties, and (iii) the World Trade Organization. We find that barriers for individuals’ recognition as rights holders persist across each. First, jurisdictional barriers remain fundamentally problematic for recognizing individuals’ claims. Second, the longstanding focus on treaty interpretation techniques has yielded little, if any, demonstrable impact on recognizing individuals’ rights. Third, mere reliance on reflecting human rights values, rather than specific and concrete structural reforms, has proven incompatible with realizing individuals’ rights within these three systems.Individuals qua rights holders have, rather acutely, recently experienced deeply troubling human rights violations on several fronts. Fundamentally, international law must protect human rights. This moment invites us to consider the systems on the international legal plane for individuals to seek such remedy and what barriers must be addressed to further such efforts.

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跨政权对话：个人在国际法中存在哪些障碍？

长期以来，个人在国际法中处于不稳定的地位。从历史上看，作为国家之间的关系，国际法很少认为需要考虑个人主张；相反，国家的作用是代表其国民提出索赔。然而，随着国际法变得越来越支离破碎，全球化将个人推向了国际法律层面。在这种情况下，我们简要考虑了个人在三个独立的国际制度中的主张：(i) 国际法院，(ii) 投资条约，以及 (iii) 世界贸易组织。我们发现，个人被承认为权利持有人的障碍在每个方面都存在。首先，管辖权障碍在承认个人主张方面仍然存在根本问题。第二，对条约解释技术的长期关注对承认个人权利几乎没有产生任何明显影响。第三，仅仅依靠反映人权价值观，而不是具体和具体的结构性改革，已被证明与在这三个制度中实现个人权利不相容。个人夸权利持有者最近在几个方面经历了令人深感不安的侵犯人权行为。从根本上说，国际法必须保护人权。此刻邀请我们考虑个人在国际法律层面上寻求此类补救的制度，以及必须解决哪些障碍才能进一步开展此类努力。