Sexual bullying refers to bullying or harassment that is sexualised, related to sexuality, and/or related to gender expression (Duncan, 1999). Research on sexual bullying is disparate and still developing as a field. This study extends on this research through a mixed-methods analysis of the different forms of sexual bullying and the relationships between them across five European nations. Participants were 253 young people (aged 13–18) from Bulgaria, England, Italy, Latvia and Slovenia. As part of focus groups on sexual bullying, participants individually and anonymously completed a Sexual Bullying Questionnaire (SBQ), comprising closed- and open-ended questions about their experiences of victimisation and bullying their peers. Factor analysis identified five forms of sexual bullying victimisation and two forms of sexual bullying towards peers. The quantitative and qualitative findings indicated that bullying or harassment that is sexualised, related to sexuality, and/or related to gender expression are associated with each other. Further, sexual bullying was found to be common to all five European countries indicating that it is a cross-national issue. The associations between sexualised, sexuality and gender expression bullying or harassment support the use of the term sexual bullying to unite these forms of peer victimisation in research and practice. Further, all countries studied require initiatives to address sexual bullying, and the gender and sexual norms that may contribute to it, with tailoring to the country context.

性欺凌是指与性有关和/或与性别表达有关的欺凌或骚扰（Duncan，1999）。对性欺凌的研究是不同的，并且作为一个领域仍在发展。本研究通过对五个欧洲国家不同形式的性欺凌及其之间关系的混合方法分析，扩展了这项研究。参与者是来自保加利亚、英国、意大利、拉脱维亚和斯洛文尼亚的 253 名年轻人（13-18 岁）。作为性欺凌焦点小组的一部分，参与者单独和匿名完成了性欺凌问卷 (SBQ)，包括关于他们受害和欺凌同龄人的经历的封闭式和开放式问题。因素分析确定了五种形式的性欺凌受害形式和两种形式的对同龄人的性欺凌。定量和定性调查结果表明，性化、与性相关和/或与性别表达相关的欺凌或骚扰相互关联。此外，发现性欺凌在所有五个欧洲国家都很常见，表明这是一个跨国问题。性、性和性别表达欺凌或骚扰之间的关联支持使用该术语性欺凌在研究和实践中联合这些形式的同伴受害。此外，所有被研究的国家都需要针对性欺凌以及可能导致这种欺凌的性别和性规范采取措施，并根据国情进行调整。