Background and objectives

Although most trauma survivors experience some intrusive recollections of the traumatic event, only few subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A well-established proximal risk-factor predictive of post-trauma psychopathology is peritraumatic cognitive processing. Another, more distal risk-factor is pre-trauma lifetime adversity. The present experimental analogue study tested the hypothesis that pre-trauma lifetime adversity interacts with peritraumatic perceptual (i.e., data-driven) processing to predict intrusive memory development.

Methods

Fifty-three young adult women (non-clinical sample) indicated how much data-driven and conceptual processing they had engaged in while watching aversive film-clips (i.e., analogue trauma). On the subsequent three days, they reported intrusions of those clips. Moderation analyses tested for an interaction effect between lifetime adversity and data-driven processing in predicting intrusion load (number of intrusions weighted for their overall distress).

Results

Increased data-driven processing predicted intrusion load primarily in individuals reporting more than three lifetime adversities, explaining 55% of variance. No such relationship was found for conceptual processing.

Limitations

Present analogue findings have yet to be replicated in a clinical population. Moreover, the conceptual processing scale was restricted by low internal consistency.

Conclusion

Present findings support the idea that intrusions are the result of poorly elaborated and primarily perceptually-formed memory traces; however, this was primarily the case in vulnerable individuals reporting several lifetime adversities. Results replicate the importance of peritraumatic processing in intrusion development but additionally point to a moderating effect of lifetime adversity.

中文翻译：

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终生逆境与创伤后数据驱动处理相互作用以预测侵入性记忆

背景和目标

尽管大多数创伤幸存者对创伤事件有一些侵入性回忆，但只有少数人随后发展为创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)。一个公认的预测创伤后精神病理学的近端危险因素是创伤后认知处理。另一个更远的风险因素是创伤前的终生逆境。目前的实验模拟研究测试了创伤前终生逆境与创伤后感知（即数据驱动）处理相互作用以预测侵入性记忆发展的假设。

方法

53 名年轻成年女性（非临床样本）表明她们在观看令人厌恶的电影剪辑（即模拟创伤）时进行了多少数据驱动和概念处理。在接下来的三天里，他们报告了这些剪辑的入侵。适度分析测试了终生逆境和数据驱动处理在预测入侵负载（入侵的数量加权为它们的整体痛苦）之间的交互作用。

结果

增加的数据驱动处理预测入侵负载主要发生在报告超过三个一生逆境的个人中，解释了 55% 的差异。对于概念处理，没有发现这种关系。

限制

目前的类似研究结果尚未在临床人群中复制。此外，概念加工规模受到内部一致性低的限制。

结论

目前的研究结果支持这样的观点，即入侵是精心设计且主要是感知形成的记忆痕迹的结果。然而，这主要发生在报告一生中经历过几次逆境的弱势群体中。结果复制了创伤后处理在入侵发展中的重要性，但还指出了终生逆境的调节作用。