Purpose of review 

The aim of this article is to summarize up-to-date research on the diagnosis and management of juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Recent findings 

JOAG can be subclassified into four clinical phenotypes, and faster myopic shift is a risk factor for disease progression. Vessel density is associated with structural damage and worsening visual acuity in JOAG and can be monitored with optical coherence tomography angiography. Genetic studies have revealed molecular causes of JOAG including variants in CPAMD8, MYOC, and CYP1B1. Tube shunt surgeries as well as gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy have been shown to be successful in JOAG.

Summary 

Although genetic advances may improve future screening, intraocular pressure monitoring and fundoscopic exam remain the current mainstay of diagnosis. Medical treatment alone for JOAG is typically insufficient with patients requiring surgical management. Selective laser trabeculoplasty may delay or decrease the need for surgery. Trabeculectomy has traditionally been shown to be effective in JOAG, but tube shunt surgery and microinvasive glaucoma surgery are effective alternatives.

中文翻译：

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青少年开角型青光眼：当前的诊断和治疗

审查目的 

本文的目的是总结青少年开角型青光眼（JOAG）诊断和治疗的最新研究。

最近的发现 

JOAG 可细分为四种临床表型，更快的近视转变是疾病进展的危险因素。血管密度与 JOAG 中的结构损伤和视力恶化有关，可以通过光学相干断层扫描血管造影进行监测。遗传学研究揭示了 JOAG 的分子原因，包括 CPAMD8、MYOC 和 CYP1B1 的变异。管分流手术以及房角镜辅助经腔小梁切开术在 JOAG 中已被证明是成功的。

概括 

尽管基因进步可能会改善未来的筛查，但眼压监测和眼底镜检查仍然是当前诊断的支柱。对于需要手术治疗的患者，仅 JOAG 的药物治疗通常是不够的。选择性激光小梁成形术可能会延迟或减少手术的需要。传统上，小梁切除术已被证明在 JOAG 中有效，但管分流手术和微创青光眼手术是有效的替代方案。