Background

Environmental noise exposure is increasing but limited research has been done on the association with emotional, aggressive, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related symptoms in children.

Objective

To analyze the association between prenatal and childhood environmental noise exposure and emotional, aggressive, and ADHD-related symptoms in children from two European birth cohorts.

Methods

We included 534 children from the Spanish INMA-Sabadell Project and 7424 from the Dutch Generation R Study. Average 24 h noise exposure at the participants’ home address during pregnancy and childhood periods were estimated using EU maps from road traffic noise and total noise (road, aircraft, railway, and industry). Symptom outcomes were assessed using validated questionnaires: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Child Behavioral Checklist, ADHD Criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition List, and Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised at 4, 7 and 9 years (INMA-Sabadell cohort) and 18 months, 3, 5, and 9 years (Generation R Study). Adjusted linear mixed models of prenatal and repeated childhood noise exposure with repeated symptom outcomes were run separately by cohort and overall estimates were combined with random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

Average prenatal and childhood road traffic noise exposure levels were 61.3 (SD 6.1) and 61.7 (SD 5.8) for INMA-Sabadell and 54.6 (SD 7.9) and 51.6 (SD 7.1) for Generation R, respectively. Prenatal and childhood road traffic noise exposure were not associated with emotional, aggressive, or ADHD-related symptoms. No heterogeneity was observed between cohorts and results were comparable for total noise exposure.

Conclusions

No association was observed between prenatal or childhood road traffic or total noise exposure and symptom outcomes in children. Future studies should include a more comprehensive noise exposure assessment considering noise sensitivity and noise exposure at different settings such as work for pregnant women and school for children.

中文翻译：

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来自两个欧洲出生队列的儿童的环境噪声暴露和情绪、攻击性和注意力缺陷/多动障碍相关症状

背景

环境噪声暴露在增加，但对儿童情绪、攻击性和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 相关症状的相关研究有限。

客观的

分析来自两个欧洲出生队列的儿童的产前和儿童环境噪声暴露与情绪、攻击性和 ADHD 相关症状之间的关联。

方法

我们纳入了来自西班牙 INMA-Sabadell 项目的 534 名儿童和来自荷兰 R 一代研究的 7424 名儿童。使用来自道路交通噪声和总噪声（道路、飞机、铁路和工业）的欧盟地图估计参与者在怀孕和儿童时期的家庭住址的平均 24 小时噪声暴露。使用经过验证的问卷评估症状结果：优势和困难问卷、儿童行为检查表、ADHD 诊断标准和精神障碍统计手册 - 第四版列表，以及康纳父母评定量表 - 在 4、7 和 9 岁时修订（INMA-Sabadell队列）和 18 个月、3、5 和 9 年（R 代研究）。

结果

INMA-Sabadell 的平均产前和儿童道路交通噪声暴露水平分别为 61.3 (SD 6.1) 和 61.7 (SD 5.8)，R 一代分别为 54.6 (SD 7.9) 和 51.6 (SD 7.1)。产前和儿童时期的道路交通噪声暴露与情绪、攻击性或 ADHD 相关症状无关。队列之间没有观察到异质性，并且总噪声暴露的结果具有可比性。

结论

未观察到产前或儿童道路交通或总噪声暴露与儿童症状结果之间存在关联。未来的研究应包括更全面的噪声暴露评估，考虑噪声敏感性和不同环境下的噪声暴露，例如孕妇工作和儿童学校。