Antibiotics have been widely detected in bay ecosystems, yet little is known regarding their distribution, composition, sources, ecological and human health risks at the regional scale. We developed a systematic framework to mine data from existing publications and compiled an antibiotic concentration-based dataset containing 439 samples from 30 bays, and compared antibiotics across bays and matrices (water, sediment, and biota). Antibiotic concentrations varied considerably between bays, with hotspots occurring in East Asia. The main categories of antibiotics in waters included sulfonamide and macrolide, while tetracycline, quinolone, and macrolide antibiotics were prevalent in sediments. The main sources of antibiotics in bays included sewage treatment plant effluent, domestic sewage, agriculture runoff, and discharges from mariculture activities. Antibiotics with high ecological risks mainly included sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and oxytetracycline. Erythromycin posed a considerable risk to human health, and the human health risks presented by other antibiotics were negligible. Regional variations of concentrations correspond to the uneven geographic consumption of antibiotics and their removal rate during wastewater treatment. Differences in antibiotics’ composition between matrices are associated mainly with the physicochemical properties of antibiotics (e.g., molecular structure, solubility, and stability) and the content of total organic carbon, metal ions, chlorophyll a, and clay minerals in the sediments. To reduce the ecological and human health implications, priority should be given to the removal of erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, and clarithromycin, with a special focus on their treatment in the Asian bay areas.

抗生素已在海湾生态系统中广泛检测到，但对其在区域范围内的分布、组成、来源、生态和人类健康风险知之甚少。我们开发了一个系统框架来从现有出版物中挖掘数据，并编制了一个基于抗生素浓度的数据集，其中包含来自 30 个海湾的 439 个样本，并比较了海湾和基质（水、沉积物和生物群）之间的抗生素。不同海湾之间的抗生素浓度差异很大，热点出现在东亚。水域中抗生素的主要类别包括磺胺类和大环内酯类，而沉积物中普遍存在四环素类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗生素。海湾中抗生素的主要来源包括污水处理厂出水、生活污水、农业径流、和海水养殖活动的排放物。生态风险较高的抗生素主要有磺胺甲恶唑、红霉素、克拉霉素和土霉素。红霉素对人体健康构成相当大的风险，其他抗生素对人体健康的风险微乎其微。浓度的区域变化对应于抗生素的不均匀地理消耗及其在废水处理过程中的去除率。基质间抗生素组成的差异主要与抗生素的理化性质（如分子结构、溶解度和稳定性）以及总有机碳、金属离子、叶绿素的含量有关。红霉素对人体健康构成相当大的风险，其他抗生素对人体健康的风险微乎其微。浓度的区域变化对应于抗生素的不均匀地理消耗及其在废水处理过程中的去除率。基质间抗生素组成的差异主要与抗生素的理化性质（如分子结构、溶解度和稳定性）以及总有机碳、金属离子、叶绿素的含量有关。红霉素对人体健康构成相当大的风险，其他抗生素对人体健康的风险微乎其微。浓度的区域变化对应于抗生素的不均匀地理消耗及其在废水处理过程中的去除率。基质间抗生素组成的差异主要与抗生素的理化性质（如分子结构、溶解度和稳定性）以及总有机碳、金属离子、叶绿素的含量有关。a , 和沉积物中的粘土矿物。为减少对生态和人类健康的影响，应优先去除红霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、土霉素和克拉霉素，并特别关注它们在亚洲湾区的治疗。