BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to design and validate the Psychosocial Trauma Scale (ETAPS) for assessing psychosocial consequences of collective violence. This instrument proposed the following dimensions: Pre-traumatic Situation, Destruction of Fundamental Beliefs, Intergroup Emotions, and Family and Community Destruction. METHOD A total of 382 people participated who had been affected by political violence: civil war in El Salvador, forced displacement from Colombia and state violence from Chile. The study had three phases: (1) content validity of the items evaluated by experts; (2) exploratory factor analysis to study the structure of ETAPS, reducing the number of items; (3) convergent (post-traumatic stress symptomatology) and divergent (psychological and social well-being) validity. RESULTS The EFA showed that ETAPS had a slightly different internal structure from that proposed. The dimensions found were Pre-traumatic Situation and Intergroup Emotions along with two new emerging dimensions: Destruction of Sociality and Personal and Collective Self-Efficacy. Divergent and convergent validity gave expected results except for the pre-traumatic situation. CONCLUSIONS The ETAPS dimensions show that the effects of violence are broader than the symptoms measured by clinical scales. An instrument with adequate psychometric properties was obtained which will be useful for future studies in the area.

中文翻译：

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评估社会心理创伤的建议。

背景 本研究的目的是设计和验证社会心理创伤量表 (ETAPS)，用于评估集体暴力的社会心理后果。该工具提出了以下维度：创伤前情境、基本信念的破坏、群体间情绪以及家庭和社区的破坏。方法 共有 382 人参加，他们受到政治暴力的影响：萨尔瓦多的内战、哥伦比亚的被迫流离失所和智利的国家暴力。研究分为三个阶段：（1）专家评价项目的内容效度；(2)探索性因素分析研究ETAPS的结构，减少条目数；(3) 收敛性（创伤后应激症状）和发散性（心理和社会幸福感）效度。结果 EFA 表明ETAPS 的内部结构与提议的略有不同。发现的维度是创伤前情境和群体间情绪以及两个新出现的维度：社会性的破坏以及个人和集体的自我效能感。除创伤前情况外，发散效度和收敛效度给出了预期的结果。结论 ETAPS 维度表明暴力的影响比临床量表衡量的症状更广泛。获得了具有足够心理测量特性的仪器，这将有助于该领域的未来研究。除创伤前情况外，发散效度和收敛效度给出了预期的结果。结论 ETAPS 维度表明暴力的影响比临床量表衡量的症状更广泛。获得了具有足够心理测量特性的仪器，这将有助于该领域的未来研究。除创伤前情况外，发散效度和收敛效度给出了预期的结果。结论 ETAPS 维度表明暴力的影响比临床量表衡量的症状更广泛。获得了具有足够心理测量特性的仪器，这将有助于该领域的未来研究。