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Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives
Light: Science & Applications ( IF 19.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-25 , DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00658-8
Jianghao Xiong 1 , En-Lin Hsiang 1 , Ziqian He 1 , Tao Zhan 1 , Shin-Tson Wu 1
Affiliation  

With rapid advances in high-speed communication and computation, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging as next-generation display platforms for deeper human-digital interactions. Nonetheless, to simultaneously match the exceptional performance of human vision and keep the near-eye display module compact and lightweight imposes unprecedented challenges on optical engineering. Fortunately, recent progress in holographic optical elements (HOEs) and lithography-enabled devices provide innovative ways to tackle these obstacles in AR and VR that are otherwise difficult with traditional optics. In this review, we begin with introducing the basic structures of AR and VR headsets, and then describing the operation principles of various HOEs and lithography-enabled devices. Their properties are analyzed in detail, including strong selectivity on wavelength and incident angle, and multiplexing ability of volume HOEs, polarization dependency and active switching of liquid crystal HOEs, device fabrication, and properties of micro-LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and large design freedoms of metasurfaces. Afterwards, we discuss how these devices help enhance the AR and VR performance, with detailed description and analysis of some state-of-the-art architectures. Finally, we cast a perspective on potential developments and research directions of these photonic devices for future AR and VR displays.



中文翻译:

增强现实和虚拟现实显示:新兴技术和未来前景

随着高速通信和计算的快速发展,增强现实 (AR) 和虚拟现实 (VR) 正在成为用于更深入的人机交互的下一代显示平台。尽管如此,要同时匹配人类视觉的卓越性能并保持近眼显示模块紧凑轻便,对光学工程提出了前所未有的挑战。幸运的是,全息光学元件 (HOE) 和支持光刻的设备的最新进展提供了创新的方法来解决 AR 和 VR 中的这些障碍,而传统光学元件很难解决这些障碍。在这篇综述中,我们首先介绍了 AR 和 VR 耳机的基本结构,然后描述了各种 HOE 和支持光刻的设备的操作原理。详细分析了它们的特性,包括对波长和入射角的强选择性、体积 HOE 的复用能力、液晶 HOE 的偏振依赖性和主动开关、器件制造和 micro-LED(发光二极管)的特性,以及超表面的大设计自由度。之后,我们讨论了这些设备如何帮助增强 AR 和 VR 性能,并详细描述和分析了一些最先进的架构。最后,我们对这些用于未来 AR 和 VR 显示的光子器件的潜在发展和研究方向进行了展望。之后,我们讨论了这些设备如何帮助增强 AR 和 VR 性能,并详细描述和分析了一些最先进的架构。最后,我们对这些用于未来 AR 和 VR 显示的光子器件的潜在发展和研究方向进行了展望。之后,我们讨论了这些设备如何帮助增强 AR 和 VR 性能,并详细描述和分析了一些最先进的架构。最后,我们对这些用于未来 AR 和 VR 显示的光子器件的潜在发展和研究方向进行了展望。

更新日期:2021-10-25
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