Nano-hydroelectric technology utilizes hydraulic flow through electronically conducting nanomaterials to generate electricity in a simple, renewable, ubiquitous, and environmentally friendly manner. To date, several designs of nano-hydroelectric devices have been devised to maximize the electrokinetic interactions between water molecules and nanomaterials. However, the reported power generation of the state-of-the-art nano-hydroelectric generators is not sufficient for practical use, as tens of thousands of units were required to operate low-power electronics on a mW scale. Here, we utilize titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) MXene nanosheets, which have advantageous properties including metal-like conductivity and hydrophilicity, to facilitate the electrokinetic conversion of the transpiration–driven electrokinetic power generator (TEPG) with a remarkably improved energy generation efficiency compared to that of carbon-based TEPG. The Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based TEPG delivered a high pseudo-streaming current of 120 μA by the fast capillary flow promoted by MXene sheets coated on cotton fabric. The strong cationic affinity of Ti₃C₂T_x enables the generator to achieve an output of 0.68 V and 2.73 mA when NaCl solution is applied. Moreover, incorporation of a conducting polymer (i.e., Ti₃C₂T_x/polyaniline composite) enhanced the ionic diffusivity while maintaining the electrical network of Ti₃C₂T_x. The optimized Ti₃C₂T_x/polyaniline composite TEPG generated a maximum voltage of 0.54 V, a current of 8.2 mA, and a specific power density of 30.9 mW cm⁻³, which was sufficient to successfully charge a commercial Li-ion battery as well as low-power electronics and devices with a volume of 6.72 cm³.

中文翻译：

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基于 Ti3C2Tx 的蒸腾驱动电动发电机实现瓦特级水力发电

纳米水力发电技术利用水力流过导电纳米材料，以简单、可再生、无处不在且环保的方式发电。迄今为止，已设计出多种纳米水电设备设计，以最大限度地提高水分子和纳米材料之间的电动相互作用。然而，据报道，最先进的纳米水力发电机的发电量不足以实际使用，因为需要数万个单元才能以 mW 规模运行低功率电子设备。在这里，我们使用碳化钛 (Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x) MXene 纳米片具有类似金属的导电性和亲水性等优点，可促进蒸腾驱动电动发电机 (TEPG) 的电动转换，与碳基 TEPG 相比，其发电效率显着提高。基于 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene 的 TEPG 通过涂覆在棉织物上的 MXene 片材促进的快速毛细管流动，提供了 120 μA 的高伪流动电流。Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x的强阳离子亲和力使发生器在施加 NaCl 溶液时能够实现 0.68 V 和 2.73 mA 的输出。此外，加入导电聚合物（即Ti₃ C ₂ T _x /聚苯胺复合材料）增强了离子扩散性，同时保持了 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x的电网络。优化后的Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x /聚苯胺复合TEPG产生的最大电压为0.54 V，电流为8.2 mA，比功率密度为30.9 mW cm ^-3，足以为商业锂离子电池成功充电以及体积为 6.72 cm ^{3 的}低功率电子设备和设备。