In light of growing pressure on forests benefit sharing is increasingly gaining attention as a governance approach to facilitating more equitable and sustainable interactions and outcomes. While benefit sharing is one of the key components of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks) programs and policies under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the approach is also actively debated within other resource governance contexts such as biodiversity and water. The debates however remain largely independent from one another. We particularly examine how benefit sharing could contribute to transformation of conflicts. Using discourse analysis and drawing from the broader scholarship of benefit sharing and property rights theory, we propose distinguishing appropriation-oriented and provision-oriented types of benefit sharing within REDD+. For sub-Saharan Africa, we see the need for such structured institutional analysis, which may point to particular emerging and persistent resource use inequalities as a new source of conflict. We investigate four case studies of REDD+ progress in Ghana, Tanzania, Cameroon, and Uganda that reveal some systemic challenges in achieving equitable and sustainable benefit sharing. The paper demonstrates that distinguishing and structuring appropriation and provision types of benefit sharing is indeed helpful as they are likely to be indicative of different outcomes. Our case studies also reveal challenges of policy-procedural nature such as weak land tenure arrangements and absence of carbon rights framework, but also fundamental challenges of agency nature such as conflicting interests vested in agriculture and tendency of concentration of benefits in the hands of few powerful actors.

鉴于森林利益分享的压力越来越大，作为促进更公平和可持续的互动和成果的治理方法，越来越受到关注。虽然惠益分享是联合国气候变化框架公约 (UNFCCC) 下的 REDD+（减少森林砍伐和森林退化所致排放量以及增加森林碳储量）计划和政策的关键组成部分之一，但该方法也在内部进行了积极辩论。其他资源治理背景，例如生物多样性和水。然而，这些辩论在很大程度上仍然相互独立。我们特别研究了利益分享如何促进冲突的转变。使用话语分析并从更广泛的利益分享和产权理论研究中汲取经验，我们建议在 REDD+ 中区分以拨款为导向和以供给为导向的利益共享类型。对于撒哈拉以南非洲，我们认为需要进行这种结构化的制度分析，这可能会指出特定的新兴和持续的资源利用不平等是新的冲突根源。我们调查了加纳、坦桑尼亚、喀麦隆和乌干达的四个关于 REDD+ 进展的案例研究，揭示了在实现公平和可持续的利益共享方面存在的一些系统性挑战。该文件表明，区分和构建利益共享的拨款和提供类型确实很有帮助，因为它们可能表明不同的结果。我们的案例研究还揭示了政策程序性质的挑战，例如薄弱的土地使用权安排和缺乏碳权利框架，