Gallium (Ga) is widely used in high-tech industries and is an emerging contaminant in the environment. This study aimed to determine Ga speciation in soils and Ga accumulation in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) grown in three Ga-contaminated soils. The results showed that, among the soils, the acidic soil with a coarse texture had the highest soil Ga availability, which enhanced Ga uptake by rice roots. The Ga K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure and sequential extraction results of the soils showed that the predominant species of Ga associated with iron hydroxides transformed to Ga(OH)₃ precipitates, and the residue fraction increased with rice-growing time, resulting in lower Ga uptake by rice roots in the second half period of rice cultivation. A large fraction of Ga was accumulated in the rice roots, with only a small portion of Ga was transferred to the shoots and then to the rice grains. This study revealed that Ga speciation in soil-rice plant systems varied during rice cultivation and determined soil Ga availability to rice plants. Gallium accumulated in rice grains is distributed homogenously in the endosperm of the grains, suggesting a potential risk to public health via the intake of rice grains harvested from Ga-contaminated paddy fields.

镓 (Ga) 广泛用于高科技行业，是一种新兴的环境污染物。本研究旨在确定在三种 Ga 污染土壤中生长的水稻植物 ( Oryza sativa L.) 中的 Ga 形态和 Ga 积累。结果表明，在这些土壤中，质地粗糙的酸性土壤具有最高的土壤Ga有效性，从而增强了水稻根系对Ga的吸收。土壤Ga K -edge X射线吸收近边缘结构和连续提取结果表明，与铁氢氧化物相关的Ga的优势物种转化为Ga(OH) ₃沉淀，残渣分数随着水稻生育时间的增加而增加，导致水稻种植后半期水稻根系对Ga的吸收较低。大部分 Ga 积累在水稻根部，只有一小部分 Ga 转移到地上部，然后转移到稻谷中。这项研究揭示了土壤-水稻植物系统中的 Ga 形态在水稻种植过程中发生了变化，并决定了水稻植物对土壤 Ga 的有效性。积累在稻谷中的镓均匀分布在稻谷的胚乳中，这表明摄入从受 Ga 污染的稻田收获的稻谷对公众健康构成潜在风险。