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Plant-derived nanotherapeutic systems to counter the overgrowing threat of resistant microbes and biofilms
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews ( IF 16.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114019
Sajid Asghar 1 , Ikram Ullah Khan 1 , Saad Salman 1 , Syed Haroon Khalid 1 , Rabia Ashfaq 1 , Thierry F Vandamme 2
Affiliation  

Since antiquity, the survival of human civilization has always been threatened by the microbial infections. An alarming surge in the resistant microbial strains against the conventional drugs is quite evident in the preceding years. Furthermore, failure of currently available regimens of antibiotics has been highlighted by the emerging threat of biofilms in the community and hospital settings. Biofilms are complex dynamic composites rich in extracellular polysaccharides and DNA, supporting plethora of symbiotic microbial life forms, that can grow on both living and non-living surfaces. These enforced structures are impervious to the drugs and lead to spread of recurrent and non-treatable infections. There is a strong realization among the scientists and healthcare providers to work out alternative strategies to combat the issue of drug resistance and biofilms. Plants are a traditional but rich source of effective antimicrobials with wider spectrum due to presence of multiple constituents in perfect synergy. Other than the biocompatibility and the safety profile, these phytochemicals have been repeatedly proven to overcome the non-responsiveness of resistant microbes and films via multiple pathways such as blocking the efflux pumps, better penetration across the cell membranes or biofilms, and anti-adhesive properties. However, the unfavorable physicochemical attributes and stability issues of these phytochemicals have hampered their commercialization. These issues of the phytochemicals can be solved by designing suitably constructed nanoscaled structures. Nanosized systems can not only improve the physicochemical features of the encapsulated payloads but can also enhance their pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profile. This review encompasses why and how various types of phytochemicals and their nanosized preparations counter the microbial resistance and the biofouling. We believe that phytochemical in tandem with nanotechnological innovations can be employed to defeat the microbial resistance and biofilms. This review will help in better understanding of the challenges associated with developing such platforms and their future prospects.



中文翻译:

植物衍生的纳米治疗系统可应对耐药微生物和生物膜过度增长的威胁

自古以来,人类文明的生存就一直受到微生物感染的威胁。在过去的几年里,对传统药物产生耐药性的微生物菌株出现了惊人的激增,这一点非常明显。此外,社区和医院环境中出现的生物膜威胁突出了目前可用的抗生素治疗方案的失败。生物膜是复杂的动态复合材料,富含细胞外多糖和 DNA,支持过多的共生微生物生命形式,可以在有生命和无生命的表面上生长。这些强制结构不受药物影响,并导致复发性和不可治疗感染的传播。科学家和医疗保健提供者强烈意识到要制定替代策略来解决耐药性和生物膜问题。由于多种成分的完美协同作用,植物是一种传统但丰富的有效抗菌剂来源,具有更广的谱。除了生物相容性和安全性之外,这些植物化学物质已被反复证明可以通过多种途径克服耐药性微生物和薄膜的无反应性,例如阻断外排泵、更好地穿透细胞膜或生物膜以及抗粘附特性. 然而,这些植物化学物质的不利物理化学属性和稳定性问题阻碍了它们的商业化。植物化学物质的这些问题可以通过设计适当构建的纳米级结构来解决。纳米级系统不仅可以改善封装有效载荷的物理化学特性,还可以增强它们的药代动力学和治疗特性。这篇综述包括各种类型的植物化学物质及其纳米制剂为何以及如何对抗微生物耐药性和生物污染。我们相信,植物化学物质与纳米技术创新相结合,可以用来对抗微生物抗性和生物膜。本次审查将有助于更好地理解与开发此类平台相关的挑战及其未来前景。纳米级系统不仅可以改善封装有效载荷的物理化学特性,还可以增强它们的药代动力学和治疗特性。这篇综述包括各种类型的植物化学物质及其纳米制剂为何以及如何对抗微生物耐药性和生物污染。我们相信,植物化学物质与纳米技术创新相结合,可以用来对抗微生物抗性和生物膜。本次审查将有助于更好地理解与开发此类平台相关的挑战及其未来前景。纳米级系统不仅可以改善封装有效载荷的物理化学特性,还可以增强它们的药代动力学和治疗特性。这篇综述包括各种类型的植物化学物质及其纳米制剂为何以及如何对抗微生物耐药性和生物污染。我们相信,植物化学物质与纳米技术创新相结合,可以用来对抗微生物抗性和生物膜。本次审查将有助于更好地理解与开发此类平台相关的挑战及其未来前景。我们相信,植物化学物质与纳米技术创新相结合,可以用来对抗微生物抗性和生物膜。本次审查将有助于更好地理解与开发此类平台相关的挑战及其未来前景。我们相信,植物化学物质与纳米技术创新相结合,可以用来对抗微生物抗性和生物膜。本次审查将有助于更好地理解与开发此类平台相关的挑战及其未来前景。

更新日期:2021-11-16
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