Abstract

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is among the most abundant plastics worldwide. Phthalates and other plasticizers—small molecules added to PVC to impart flexibility—have raised numerous health concerns due to their tendency to migrate out of PVC, where they can be ingested or contaminate the environment. Internal plasticization, in which a plasticizer is covalently bound to the PVC backbone, offers a solution to the problem of plasticizer migration. This comprehensive review covers the preparation of internally plasticized PVC in the literature. Strategies fall into three main categories: nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms on PVC; graft polymerization using plasticizing monomers, usually from defect sites in the PVC backbone; and copolymerization of vinyl chloride with monomers bearing plasticizing species. Minimizing cost and number of synthetic steps are important considerations when designing plasticizers for this large-scale commodity plastic.

摘要

聚氯乙烯 (PVC) 是世界上最丰富的塑料之一。邻苯二甲酸盐和其他增塑剂——添加到 PVC 中以赋予柔韧性的小分子——已经引起了许多健康问题，因为它们倾向于从 PVC 中迁移出来，在那里它们可以被摄入或污染环境。内部增塑，其中增塑剂与 PVC 主链共价结合，为增塑剂迁移问题提供了解决方案。这篇综合综述涵盖了文献中内部增塑 PVC 的制备。策略分为三大类： PVC 上氯原子的亲核取代；使用增塑单体进行接枝聚合，通常来自 PVC 主链的缺陷部位；以及氯乙烯与带有增塑物质的单体的共聚。