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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and confabulation in psycholegal settings: A beginner’s guide for criminal justice, forensic mental health, and legal interviewers
Behavioral Sciences & the Law ( IF 2.568 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-23 , DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2540
Jerrod Brown 1, 2, 3 , Alec Jonason 4, 5 , Erik Asp 4, 5, 6 , Valerie McGinn 7, 8 , Megan N Carter 9, 10 , Vanessa Spiller 11 , Amy Jozan 3
Affiliation  

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are neurodevelopmental/neurobehavioral conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Impairments caused by PAE contribute to the over-representation of individuals with FASD in the United States juvenile and adult criminal justice systems. These same impairments can equally impact on individuals with FASD who are witnesses to or victims of crime who also have to navigate the complexities of the criminal justice system. Difficulties include increased susceptibility to confabulation throughout the legal process that, in turn, can contribute to increased rates of poor outcomes including false confessions and wrongful convictions. Individuals with FASD are particularity at risk of confabulation when they are subjected to tactics, such as stressful and anxiety-provoking situations, threats, and leading, suggestive, or coercive questioning. Many professionals in the forensic context are unfamiliar with FASD or related confabulation risk and may unintentionally utilize tactics that intensify impacts of pre-existing impairment. This article serves as a beginner’s guide for professionals working in criminal justice settings by (a) providing research-based overviews of FASD and confabulation, (b) describing how FASD may lead to confabulation, and (c) suggesting ways that professionals can modify protocols when interacting with individuals with FASD. Suggestions in this article hold the potential to decrease the risk of confabulation in the criminal justice system and decrease problematic outcomes, such as false confessions and wrongful convictions among individuals with FASD.

中文翻译:

心理法律环境中的胎儿酒精谱系障碍和虚构:刑事司法、法医心理健康和法律面试官的初学者指南

胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 是由产前酒精暴露 (PAE) 引起的神经发育/神经行为疾病。PAE 造成的损害导致 FASD 患者在美国青少年和成人刑事司法系统中的比例过高。这些相同的损伤同样会影响到患有 FASD 的个人,他们是犯罪的目击者或受害者,他们也必须应对刑事司法系统的复杂性。困难包括在整个法律程序中增加对捏造的敏感性,这反过来又会导致不良结果的发生率增加,包括虚假供词和错误定罪。患有 FASD 的人在遇到诸如压力和焦虑的情况、威胁和领导等策略时,特别容易胡说八道,暗示性或强迫性提问。法医领域的许多专业人士不熟悉 FASD 或相关的虚构风险,可能会无意中使用加剧原有损伤影响的策略。本文通过 (a) 提供基于研究的 FASD 和虚构的概述,(b) 描述 FASD 如何导致虚构,以及 (c) 建议专业人员可以修改协议的方式,作为在刑事司法环境中工作的专业人员的初学者指南与患有 FASD 的人互动时。本文中的建议有可能降低刑事司法系统中的捏造风险并减少有问题的结果,例如 FASD 患者的虚假供词和错误定罪。法医领域的许多专业人士不熟悉 FASD 或相关的虚构风险,可能会无意中使用加剧原有损伤影响的策略。本文通过 (a) 提供基于研究的 FASD 和虚构的概述,(b) 描述 FASD 如何导致虚构,以及 (c) 建议专业人员可以修改协议的方式,作为在刑事司法环境中工作的专业人员的初学者指南与患有 FASD 的人互动时。本文中的建议有可能降低刑事司法系统中的捏造风险并减少有问题的结果,例如 FASD 患者的虚假供词和错误定罪。法医领域的许多专业人士不熟悉 FASD 或相关的虚构风险,可能会无意中使用加剧原有损伤影响的策略。本文通过 (a) 提供基于研究的 FASD 和虚构的概述,(b) 描述 FASD 如何导致虚构,以及 (c) 建议专业人员可以修改协议的方式,作为在刑事司法环境中工作的专业人员的初学者指南与患有 FASD 的人互动时。本文中的建议有可能降低刑事司法系统中的捏造风险并减少有问题的结果,例如 FASD 患者的虚假供词和错误定罪。
更新日期:2021-10-23
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