The global climate crisis can be perceived as threat to existential human needs like control, certainty and personal existence. These threat appraisals elicit an affective state of individual anxiety – one of the strongest motivators of individual pro-environmental behavior and collective policies and activism. Direct action against threat is associated with other affective approach-motivated states that help to overcome anxiety: Recent findings show collective emotions of anger, guilt, and “being moved” increase collective engagement, but also show a positive relationship between positive activation and individual behavior. Climate threat furthermore promotes palliative responses, such as ingroup defense, identification with nature or a salient common humanity. Here, collective responses seem to reduce anxiety, and when combined with pro-environmental norms, even promote pro-environmental action.

全球气候危机可以被视为对人类生存需求的威胁，例如控制、确定性和个人存在。这些威胁评估引发了个人焦虑的情感状态——这是个人亲环境行为以及集体政策和行动主义的最强大动力之一。对抗威胁的直接行动与其他有助于克服焦虑的情感接近动机状态相关：最近的研究结果表明，愤怒、内疚和“被感动”的集体情绪增加了集体参与，但也显示了积极激活和个人行为之间的积极关系. 气候威胁进一步促进了姑息性反应，例如群体防御、对自然或突出的共同人性的认同。在这里，集体反应似乎减少了焦虑，