Concurrent exposure to antimicrobial and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is usually inevitable in most infections and postsurgery. Consequently, the present study was designed to assess the intertwining impact of coadministration of cefepime (CP, a wide spectrum antibiotic) and diclofenac sodium (DF, an NSAID) on rat's liver, kidney, and testes. Rats received saline, CP (180 mg/kg/day, IM), DF (10 mg/kg/day, IM), or a combination of CP and DF. After 14 days, CP or DF induced tissue damage expressed by marked biochemical alterations in hepatic and renal function tests. Besides this, disrupted lipid metabolism and testosterone levels along with significant histological changes in hepatic, renal, and testicular tissues were noticed. A significant increase in malondialdehyde and decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities alongside significant upregulated caspase 3 expression in tissues following CP or DF treatment suggested a bearable influence of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Accordingly, the simultaneous therapy of CP and DF evoked more obvious tissue damage than their individual treatment. Overall, data concluded that concurrent use of CP and DF in medical practice is a worrisome matter, so it should be done cautiously to avoid synergistic deleterious outcomes.

中文翻译：

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头孢吡肟和双氯芬酸钠联合治疗增强多器官损伤：氧化损伤和脂质代谢紊乱的作用

在大多数感染和手术后，通常不可避免地同时暴露于抗菌药物和非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID)。因此，本研究旨在评估头孢吡肟（CP，一种广谱抗生素）和双氯芬酸钠（DF，一种 NSAID）对大鼠肝脏、肾脏和睾丸的相互影响。大鼠接受生理盐水、CP (180 mg/kg/day, IM)、DF (10 mg/kg/day, IM) 或 CP 和 DF 的组合。14 天后，CP 或 DF 诱导组织损伤，表现为肝和肾功能测试中显着的生化改变。除此之外，还注意到了脂质代谢和睾酮水平的紊乱以及肝、肾和睾丸组织的显着组织学变化。CP 或 DF 处理后，丙二醛显着增加，超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低，同时组织中 caspase 3 表达显着上调，表明氧化应激、脂质过氧化和细胞死亡的影响是可以承受的。因此，CP和DF同时治疗比单独治疗引起更明显的组织损伤。总体而言，数据得出结论，在医疗实践中同时使用 CP 和 DF 是一个令人担忧的问题，因此应谨慎使用以避免协同有害结果。CP和DF同时治疗比单独治疗引起更明显的组织损伤。总体而言，数据得出结论，在医疗实践中同时使用 CP 和 DF 是一个令人担忧的问题，因此应谨慎使用以避免协同有害结果。CP和DF同时治疗比单独治疗引起更明显的组织损伤。总体而言，数据得出结论，在医疗实践中同时使用 CP 和 DF 是一个令人担忧的问题，因此应谨慎使用以避免协同有害结果。