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Identification of Apocarotenoids as Chemical Markers of In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity for Spirulina Supplements
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03015 Karen C Tan 1 , Tho X Pham 2 , Yoojin Lee 2 , Ji-Young Lee 2 , Marcy J Balunas 1
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03015 Karen C Tan 1 , Tho X Pham 2 , Yoojin Lee 2 , Ji-Young Lee 2 , Marcy J Balunas 1
Affiliation
Identification of chemical markers in food additives and dietary supplements is crucial for quantitative assessment and standardization of their quality and efficacy. Arthrospira platensis, formerly Spirulina platensis and known colloquially as spirulina, has been widely investigated for its various biological effects, including anti-inflammation, antihypertension, antioxidant, and antiatherosclerosis. In this study, we utilized an approach involving a combination of bioassay-guided fractionation, synthesis, mass spectral molecular networking, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis to identify measurable chemical markers in spirulina products that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of commercial products in downregulating the expression level of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Consequently, we found that the apocarotenoids 3-hydroxy-β-ionone (1) and apo-13-zeaxanthinones (2a/2b) significantly repressed expression of IL-1β (9.5 ± 1.5 and 28.7 ± 0.6%, respectively) and IL-6 (10.1 ± 0.7 and 6.1 ± 0.4%, respectively) at 10 μg/mL (p < 0.05) using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Notably, this is the first report of the isolation of these apocarotenoids from spirulina and their in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, we propose the use of our approach as a convenient way to establish markers in other dietary supplements.
中文翻译:
鉴定作为螺旋藻补充剂体外抗炎活性化学标志物的类胡萝卜素
食品添加剂和膳食补充剂中化学标志物的鉴定对于其质量和功效的定量评估和标准化至关重要。钝顶螺旋藻,原名钝顶螺旋藻螺旋藻,俗称螺旋藻,因其多种生物学作用而被广泛研究,包括抗炎、抗高血压、抗氧化和抗动脉粥样硬化。在本研究中,我们采用了一种结合生物测定引导的分级分离、合成、质谱分子网络、主成分分析 (PCA) 和相关性分析的方法来鉴定螺旋藻产品中可用于评估功效的可测量化学标志物商业产品在下调促炎细胞因子、白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、白介素-6 (IL-6) 和肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα) 的表达水平方面的作用。因此,我们发现类胡萝卜素 3-羟基-β-紫罗兰酮 ( 1 ) 和 apo-13-玉米黄酮 ( 2a/2b)使用 RAW 264.7 小鼠以 10 μg/mL ( p < 0.05 ) 显着抑制 IL-1β(分别为 9.5 ± 1.5 和 28.7 ± 0.6%)和 IL-6(分别为 10.1 ± 0.7 和 6.1 ± 0.4%)的表达巨噬细胞。值得注意的是,这是从螺旋藻中分离这些类胡萝卜素及其体外抗炎特性的第一份报告。最后,我们建议使用我们的方法作为在其他膳食补充剂中建立标记的便捷方法。
更新日期:2021-11-03
中文翻译:
鉴定作为螺旋藻补充剂体外抗炎活性化学标志物的类胡萝卜素
食品添加剂和膳食补充剂中化学标志物的鉴定对于其质量和功效的定量评估和标准化至关重要。钝顶螺旋藻,原名钝顶螺旋藻螺旋藻,俗称螺旋藻,因其多种生物学作用而被广泛研究,包括抗炎、抗高血压、抗氧化和抗动脉粥样硬化。在本研究中,我们采用了一种结合生物测定引导的分级分离、合成、质谱分子网络、主成分分析 (PCA) 和相关性分析的方法来鉴定螺旋藻产品中可用于评估功效的可测量化学标志物商业产品在下调促炎细胞因子、白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、白介素-6 (IL-6) 和肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα) 的表达水平方面的作用。因此,我们发现类胡萝卜素 3-羟基-β-紫罗兰酮 ( 1 ) 和 apo-13-玉米黄酮 ( 2a/2b)使用 RAW 264.7 小鼠以 10 μg/mL ( p < 0.05 ) 显着抑制 IL-1β(分别为 9.5 ± 1.5 和 28.7 ± 0.6%)和 IL-6(分别为 10.1 ± 0.7 和 6.1 ± 0.4%)的表达巨噬细胞。值得注意的是,这是从螺旋藻中分离这些类胡萝卜素及其体外抗炎特性的第一份报告。最后,我们建议使用我们的方法作为在其他膳食补充剂中建立标记的便捷方法。