Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high reactivity and selectivity toward catalytic reaction while maximizing the utilization of active components. Unfortunately, single-atom sites are susceptible to sintering and agglomerating into thermodynamically stable nanoclusters due to their high surface energy. Introducing appropriate supports to optimize the local coordination environment and electronic properties, as well as induce strong metal-support interactions (SMSI), is essential to preventing sintering. Although a range of potential SACs with low-cost supports are emerging as promising candidates for heterogeneous catalysis, the real roles and key factors of supports that govern the catalytic properties of these SACs remain ambiguous. Aiming at understanding the bonding between atomic sites and supports and how this relates to the catalytic performance, we herein summarize the recent experimental and computational efforts of SACs toward electrocatalysis. Moreover, the real role of the support in the SACs plays in affecting the electrocatalytic reaction is also emphasized. Furthermore, before ending this review, we have also proposed the prospects and challenges of the advanced SACs for the application in the field of electrocatalytic energy conversion.

单原子催化剂 (SAC) 对催化反应提供高反应性和选择性，同时最大限度地利用活性成分。不幸的是，由于其高表面能，单原子位点易于烧结和聚集成热力学稳定的纳米团簇。引入适当的载体以优化局部配位环境和电子特性，以及诱导强金属-载体相互作用 (SMSI)，对于防止烧结至关重要。尽管一系列具有低成本载体的潜在 SAC 正在成为多相催化的有希望的候选者，但控制这些 SAC 催化性能的载体的真正作用和关键因素仍然模棱两可。为了了解原子位点和载体之间的键合以及这与催化性能的关系，我们在此总结了 SACs 在电催化方面的最新实验和计算工作。此外，还强调了 SAC 中载体在影响电催化反应方面的真正作用。此外，在结束这篇综述之前，我们还提出了先进 SAC 在电催化能量转换领域的应用前景和挑战。