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DNA binding to TLR9 expressed by red blood cells promotes innate immune activation and anemia
Science Translational Medicine ( IF 17.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-20 , DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj1008
L K Metthew Lam 1, 2 , Sophia Murphy 1 , Dimitra Kokkinaki 1 , Alessandro Venosa 3 , Scott Sherrill-Mix 2, 4 , Carla Casu 5 , Stefano Rivella 5 , Aaron Weiner 6 , Jeongho Park 7 , Sunny Shin 4, 8 , Andrew E Vaughan 6 , Beatrice H Hahn 2, 4 , Audrey R Odom John 9 , Nuala J Meyer 1, 2, 8 , Christopher A Hunter 7, 8 , G Scott Worthen 8, 10 , Nilam S Mangalmurti 1, 2, 8
Affiliation  

Red blood cells (RBCs) are essential for aerobic respiration through delivery of oxygen to distant tissues. However, RBCs are currently considered immunologically inert, and few, if any, secondary functions of RBCs have been identified. Here, we showed that RBCs serve as critical immune sensors through surface expression of the nucleic acid–sensing Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Mammalian RBCs expressed TLR9 on their surface and bound CpG-containing DNA derived from bacteria, plasmodia, and mitochondria. RBC-bound mitochondrial DNA was increased during human and murine sepsis and pneumonia. In vivo, CpG-carrying RBCs drove accelerated erythrophagocytosis and innate immune activation characterized by increased interferon signaling. Erythroid-specific deletion of TLR9 abrogated erythrophagocytosis and decreased local and systemic cytokine production during CpG-induced inflammation and polymicrobial sepsis. Thus, detection and capture of nucleic acid by TLR9-expressing RBCs regulated red cell clearance and inflammatory cytokine production, demonstrating that RBCs function as immune sentinels during pathologic states. Consistent with these findings, RBC-bound mitochondrial DNA was elevated in individuals with viral pneumonia and sepsis secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated with anemia and severity of disease. These findings uncover a previously unappreciated role of RBCs as critical players in inflammation distinct from their function in gas transport.

中文翻译:

DNA与红细胞表达的TLR9结合促进先天免疫激活和贫血

红细胞 (RBC) 通过向远处组织输送氧气对有氧呼吸至关重要。然而,红细胞目前被认为是免疫惰性的,并且几乎没有发现红细胞的次要功能(如果有的话)。在这里,我们展示了红细胞通过核酸感应 Toll 样受体 9 (TLR9​​) 的表面表达作为关键的免疫传感器。哺乳动物红细胞在其表面表达 TLR9,并结合来自细菌、疟原虫和线粒体的含有 CpG 的 DNA。在人和鼠败血症和肺炎期间,RBC 结合的线粒体 DNA 增加。在体内,携带 CpG 的红细胞加速了红细胞吞噬作用和以干扰素信号增加为特征的先天免疫激活。在 CpG 诱导的炎症和多种微生物败血症期间,红细胞特异性 TLR9 的缺失消除了红细胞吞噬作用并减少了局部和全身细胞因子的产生。因此,通过表达 TLR9 的红细胞检测和捕获核酸可调节红细胞清除和炎性细胞因子的产生,证明红细胞在病理状态下充当免疫哨兵。与这些发现一致,2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 继发的病毒性肺炎和败血症患者的红细胞结合线粒体 DNA 升高,并与贫血和疾病严重程度相关。这些发现揭示了红细胞作为炎症中的关键参与者以前未被重视的作用,这与它们在气体运输中的功能不同。表达 TLR9 的红细胞检测和捕获核酸可调节红细胞清除和炎性细胞因子的产生,证明红细胞在病理状态下充当免疫哨兵。与这些发现一致,2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 继发的病毒性肺炎和败血症患者的红细胞结合线粒体 DNA 升高,并与贫血和疾病严重程度相关。这些发现揭示了红细胞作为炎症中的关键参与者以前未被重视的作用,这与它们在气体运输中的功能不同。表达 TLR9 的红细胞检测和捕获核酸可调节红细胞清除和炎性细胞因子的产生,证明红细胞在病理状态下充当免疫哨兵。与这些发现一致,2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 继发的病毒性肺炎和败血症患者的红细胞结合线粒体 DNA 升高,并与贫血和疾病严重程度相关。这些发现揭示了红细胞作为炎症中的关键参与者以前未被重视的作用,这与它们在气体运输中的功能不同。继发于 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的病毒性肺炎和败血症患者中,与红细胞结合的线粒体 DNA 升高,并与贫血和疾病严重程度相关。这些发现揭示了红细胞作为炎症中的关键参与者以前未被重视的作用,这与它们在气体运输中的功能不同。继发于 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的病毒性肺炎和败血症患者中,与红细胞结合的线粒体 DNA 升高,并与贫血和疾病严重程度相关。这些发现揭示了红细胞作为炎症中的关键参与者以前未被重视的作用,这与它们在气体运输中的功能不同。
更新日期:2021-10-21
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