This study examines whether the presence of Confederate monuments corresponds to experiences of historical anti-Black violence in the surrounding areas. At stake is not only the current debate around the removal of these monuments, but also broader links between such monuments and latent processes of White supremacy. We utilize three data sets for our analyses: data on Confederate monument locations (O’Connell in Ethn Racial Stud 43(3):1–19, 2019); and two complementary data sets on lynchings (Seguin and Rigby in Socius 5:2378023119841780, 2019; Beck and Tolnay in Confirmed Inventory of Southern Lynch Victims, University of Georgia, 2004). Correlation analyses indicate a positive statistical relationship between the relative presence of Confederate monuments and historical lynchings at the county level—a relationship that increases with adjustments for spatial clustering. These results contribute to ongoing discussions around the removal of Confederate monuments as well as to the use of monuments as forms of oppression. By connecting lynching to Confederate monuments, whose ties to violence have been abstracted away, we understand racial violence not as disorder, but instead as part of a larger order.

本研究考察了邦联纪念碑的存在是否与周边地区历史上反黑人暴力的经历相对应。危在旦夕的不仅是当前关于拆除这些纪念碑的辩论，还有这些纪念碑与白人至上的潜在过程之间更广泛的联系。我们使用三个数据集进行分析：邦联纪念碑位置数据（O'Connell in Ethn Racial Stud 43(3):1–19, 2019）；以及两个关于私刑的补充数据集（Seguin 和 Rigby in Socius 5:2378023119841780, 2019；Beck 和 Tolnay in Confirmed Inventory of Southern Lynch Victims，佐治亚大学，2004 年）。相关性分析表明邦联纪念碑的相对存在与县级历史私刑之间存在正的统计关系——这种关系随着空间聚类的调整而增加。这些结果有助于围绕移除邦联纪念碑以及使用纪念碑作为压迫形式的持续讨论。通过将私刑与邦联纪念碑联系起来，这些纪念碑与暴力的联系已被抽象化，我们将种族暴力理解为不是混乱，而是更大秩序的一部分。