In the early 19th century, William H. Wollaston impressed the Royal Society of London with engravings of portraits. He manipulated facial features, such as the nose, and thereby dramatically changed the perceived gaze direction, although the eye region with iris and eye socket had remained unaltered. This Wollaston illusion can be thought of as head orientation attracting perceived gaze direction when the eye region is unchanged. In naturalistic viewing, the eye region changes with head orientation and typically produces a repulsion effect. Here we explore if there is a flip side to the illusion. Does the gaze direction also alter the perceived direction of the head? We used copies of the original drawings and a computer-rendered avatar as stimuli. Gaze direction does indeed alter perceived head orientation. Perceived head orientation is biased toward the direction of gaze.

19 世纪初，威廉·H·沃拉斯顿 (William H. Wollaston) 的肖像雕刻给伦敦皇家学会留下了深刻印象。他操纵面部特征，例如鼻子，从而极大地改变了感知的凝视方向，尽管带有虹膜和眼窝的眼部区域保持不变。当眼睛区域不变时，这种沃拉斯顿错觉可以被认为是头部方向吸引了感知的注视方向。在自然观察中，眼睛区域会随着头部方向而变化，并且通常会产生排斥效果。在这里，我们探讨这种错觉是否有另一面。凝视方向是否也会改变头部的感知方向？我们使用原始图纸的副本和计算机渲染的头像作为刺激。注视方向确实会改变感知的头部方向。