ABSTRACT

Introduction

Biliary tract cancer represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by dismal prognosis and scarce therapeutic options.

Area covered

In the last years, a growing interest in BTC pathology has emerged, thus highlighting a significant heterogeneity of the pathways underlying the carcinogenesis process, from both a molecular and genomic point of view. A better understanding of these differences is mandatory to deepen the behavior of this complex disease, as well as to identify new targetable target mutations, with the aim to improve the survival outcomes. The authors decided to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent highlights on BTCs, with a special focus on the genetic, epigenetic and molecular alterations, which may have an interesting clinical application in the next future.

Expert opinion

In the last years, the efforts resulted from international collaborations have led to the identification of new promising targets for precision medicine approaches in the BTC setting. Further investigations and prospective trials are needed, but the hope is that these new knowledge in cooperation with the new technologies and procedures, including bio-molecular and genomic analysis as well radiomic studies, will enrich the therapeutic armamentarium thus improving the survival outcomes in a such lethal and complex disease.

中文翻译：

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胆管癌：新视野的新视角

摘要

介绍

胆道癌代表了一组异质性恶性肿瘤，其特征是预后不佳和治疗选择稀缺。

覆盖面积

在过去几年中，人们对 BTC 病理学的兴趣日益浓厚，因此从分子和基因组的角度来看，这突出了致癌过程中潜在途径的显着异质性。必须更好地了解这些差异，以加深这种复杂疾病的行为，以及识别新的可靶向靶突变，以改善生存结果。作者决定全面概述最近关于 BTC 的亮点，特别关注遗传、表观遗传和分子改变，这可能在未来具有有趣的临床应用。

专家意见

在过去的几年里，国际合作的努力已经导致在 BTC 环境中为精准医学方法确定新的有希望的目标。需要进一步的调查和前瞻性试验，但希望这些新知识与新技术和程序（包括生物分子和基因组分析以及放射学研究）合作，将丰富治疗设备，从而改善这种情况下的生存结果致命和复杂的疾病。