Native to Southeastern Asia, the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus is invasive worldwide. Its invasion is favoured by its cryptic lifestyle, symbiosis with a fungus that facilitates a broad range of host plants, and predominant sib-mating reproduction. X. compactus invaded Africa more than a century ago and the Americas and Pacific Islands in the middle of the twentieth century. It was not detected in Europe before 2011, when it was first reported in Italy before quickly spreading to France, Greece and Spain. Despite the negative environmental, agricultural and economic consequences of the invasion of X. compactus, its invasion history and main pathways remain poorly documented. We used COI and RAD sequencing to (i) characterise the worldwide genetic structure of the species, (ii) disentangle the origin(s) of the non-native populations on the three invaded continents and (iii) analyse the genetic diversity and pathways within each invaded region. Three mitochondrial lineages were identified in the native range. Populations invading Europe and the American-Pacific region originated from the first lineage and were only slightly genetically differentiated at nuclear SNP markers, suggesting independent introductions from close sources in or near Shanghai, ca. 60 years apart. Populations invading Africa originated from the second lineage, likely from India or Vietnam.

原产于东南亚的豚草甲虫Xylosandrus compactus在世界范围内具有入侵性。它的入侵因其隐秘的生活方式、与促进广泛寄主植物的真菌共生以及主要的同胞交配繁殖而受到青睐。X. compactus一个多世纪前入侵非洲，20 世纪中叶入侵美洲和太平洋岛屿。它在 2011 年之前在欧洲未被发现，当时它首先在意大利报道，然后迅速蔓延到法国、希腊和西班牙。尽管X.compactus的入侵对环境、农业和经济造成了负面影响，它的入侵历史和主要途径仍然缺乏记录。我们使用 COI 和 RAD 测序来 (i) 表征该物种的全球遗传结构，(ii) 解开三个入侵大陆上非本地种群的起源，以及 (iii) 分析内部的遗传多样性和途径每一个被入侵的地区。在本地范围内鉴定了三个线粒体谱系。入侵欧洲和美洲-太平洋地区的种群起源于第一个谱系，并且在核 SNP 标记上只有轻微的遗传差异，这表明从上海或上海附近的近源独立引入，约。相隔60年。入侵非洲的人口来自第二个血统，可能来自印度或越南。