This study provides the first life cycle assessment (LCA) for municipal solid waste waste management system in one of the largest cities in Europe, Moscow. Its significance stems from recent important changes in the waste management system, the introduction of limited source separate collection in 2020, and the first examination of sorted municipal solid waste (MSW) composition. Moscow city generates 8.1 million tonnes of MSW per year, most of which is still mainly disposed of in landfill sites. The study assesses the current situation, the waste management system planned to be operational by 2024 and proposes improvements to separate collection and treatment of organic waste that could be adopted in the future. In this context, 6 scenarios are compared using LCA based approach. The impacts are presented as global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP). The results show that the existing MSW management system has the highest GWP and AP. Planned changes to the system by 2024 will reduce impacts in all categories. The largest emissions reduction potential is found for refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production and its use in cement kilns as a replacement for coal, which reduces emissions by 1.1 kg CO₂-eq/kg_RDF and results in a negative AP. The change in EP remains negligible. Separate collection and treatment of biowaste is also beneficial, with anaerobic digestion being the most advantageous treatment method. Nevertheless, even after the implementation of all initiatives, landfill still represents about 53% of direct emissions in GWP. Sensitivity analysis estimated that flaring of landfill gas can reduce GWP from landfill sites by a factor greater than two. With these changes, the total emissions of the system approach zero. Energy recovery at MSW incineration plants and substitution to the grid gives reductions in GWP and EP in the range of 35% and provides especially significant reductions in AP. The waste management system in Moscow accounts for 3% of residents’ carbon footprint, which might drop to 1% if appropriate changes to the system are implemented.

这项研究为欧洲最大的城市之一莫斯科的城市固体废物管理系统提供了第一个生命周期评估 (LCA)。其意义源于最近废物管理系统的重大变化，2020 年引入了有限源分类收集，以及对分类城市固体废物 (MSW) 成分的首次检查。莫斯科市每年产生 810 万吨城市生活垃圾，其中大部分仍主要在垃圾填埋场处置。该研究评估了目前的情况，废物管理系统计划在 2024 年投入使用，并提出了未来可能采用的有机废物分离收集和处理的改进措施。在这种情况下，使用基于 LCA 的方法比较了 6 个场景。影响以全球变暖潜能值 (GWP) 表示，酸化潜力（AP）和富营养化潜力（EP）。结果表明，现有的 MSW 管理系统具有最高的 GWP 和 AP。到 2024 年计划对系统进行的更改将减少所有类别的影响。垃圾衍生燃料 (RDF) 的生产及其在水泥窑中用作煤炭替代品的减排潜力最大，可减少 1.1 千克二氧化碳的排放量₂ -eq/kg _RDF并导致负 AP。EP 的变化仍然可以忽略不计。单独收集和处理生物废物也是有益的，厌氧消化是最有利的处理方法。尽管如此，即使在所有举措实施后，垃圾填埋场仍占全球升温潜能值直接排放量的 53% 左右。敏感性分析估计，填埋气体的燃烧可使填埋场的 GWP 降低两倍以上。随着这些变化，系统的总排放量接近于零。MSW 焚烧厂的能源回收和电网替代使 GWP 和 EP 降低了 35%，尤其显着降低了 AP。莫斯科的废物管理系统占居民碳足迹的 3%，