Neuromodulation is of great importance both as a fundamental neuroscience research tool for analyzing and understanding the brain function, and as a therapeutic avenue for treating brain disorders. Here, an overview of conceptual and technical progress in developing neuromodulation strategies is provided, and it is suggested that recent advances in nanotechnology are enabling novel neuromodulation modalities with less invasiveness, improved biointerfaces, deeper penetration, and higher spatiotemporal precision. The use of nanotechnology and the employment of versatile nanomaterials and nanoscale devices with tailored physical properties have led to considerable research progress. To conclude, an outlook discussing current challenges and future directions for next-generation neuromodulation modalities is presented.

中文翻译：

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纳米技术实现了神经调节的新模式

神经调节作为分析和理解大脑功能的基本神经科学研究工具，以及作为治疗大脑疾病的治疗途径都非常重要。在这里，概述了开发神经调节策略的概念和技术进展，并表明纳米技术的最新进展正在使新型神经调节模式成为可能，具有较小的侵入性、改进的生物界面、更深的渗透和更高的时空精度。纳米技术的使用以及具有定制物理特性的多功能纳米材料和纳米级器件的使用带来了相当大的研究进展。最后，提出了讨论下一代神经调节方式的当前挑战和未来方向的展望。