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Genetic gain and G×E interaction in bread wheat cultivars representing 105 years of breeding in Pakistan
Crop Science ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-18 , DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20655
Uzma Hanif 1 , Alvina Gul 1 , Rabia Amir 1 , Faiza Munir 1 , Mark E. Sorrells 2 , Hugh G. Gauch 3 , Zahid Mahmood 4 , Abid Subhani 5 , Muhammad Imtiaz 6 , Hadi Alipour 7 , Awais Rasheed 8, 9 , Zhonghu He 8, 9
Affiliation  

It is important to understand the genetic gain achieved through selection of key yield traits for planning future breeding strategies in developing high yielding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic changes and genotype × environment (G×E) interaction by additive main effect and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) for morphological, physiological, and yield component traits under five environments using 24 wheat cultivars released from 1911 to 2016 in Pakistan. There was a significant increase in grain yield (9.03 kg ha−1 yr−1, 0.37%), and plant height was reduced linearly (−0.26 cm yr−1, −0.33%). The traits waxiness, leaf rolling, harvest index, spike length, and grains per spike significantly increased but the gain was only 0.16–0.2% per year. Analysis of variance revealed that genotype, environment, and G×E interaction were highly significant (P < .01) for all traits except relative chlorophyll content, biomass, days to maturity, and number of spikes. Gene-specific markers identified the durable resistance gene Lr67/Yr46/Sr55/Pm46 in obsolete cultivars as early as 1911, whereas the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a and reduced height alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b were present only in the post-1965 cultivars. Diversity analysis based on a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array clearly differentiated temporal patterns in 24 cultivars, which was correlated with the agronomic performance of the cultivars. This dataset provided detailed insight into the performance of historical wheat cultivars and could help in devising wheat breeding strategies to focus on the traits contributing to grain yield and have slower rate of genetic progress.

中文翻译:

代表巴基斯坦育种 105 年的面包小麦品种的遗传增益和 G×E 相互作用

了解通过选择关键产量性状获得的遗传增益对于规划未来开发高产小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.) 品种的育种策略非常重要。本研究的目的是使用 1911 年发布的 24 个小麦品种,通过加性主效应和乘性相互作用 (AMMI) 表征五种环境下的形态、生理和产量成分性状的遗传变化和基因型 × 环境 (G×E) 相互作用。到 2016 年在巴基斯坦。谷物产量显着增加(9.03 kg ha -1 yr -1 , 0.37%),株高线性降低(-0.26 cm yr -1, -0.33%)。性状蜡质、卷叶、收获指数、穗长和每穗粒数显着增加,但每年仅增加0.16-0.2%。方差分析表明,除相对叶绿素含量、生物量、成熟天数和穗数外,基因型、环境和 G×E 相互作用对所有性状均具有高度显着性 ( P  < .01)。基因特异性标记早在 1911 年就在过时品种中鉴定出持久抗性基因Lr67/Yr46/Sr55/Pm46 ,而光周期不敏感等位基因Ppd-D1a和高度降低的等位基因Rht-B1bRht-D1b仅存在于 1965 年后的品种中。基于 50K 单核苷酸多态性基因分型阵列的多样性分析清楚地区分了 24 个品种的时间模式,这与品种的农艺性能相关。该数据集提供了对历史小麦品种性能的详细了解,并有助于制定小麦育种策略,以关注有助于谷物产量的性状和较慢的遗传进展速度。
更新日期:2021-10-18
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