The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has compromised to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the mid- and long-terms. Besides energy efficiency measures, the development of potentially carbon neutral fuels in the upcoming years is key to achieve the sector's goals. Brazil is a major commodity exporter whose unfavored geographical position increases the carbon intensity of its maritime transportation. In this context, this study presents a multicriteria methodology to compare possible alternative fuels for the Brazilian maritime trade. To this end, 14 fuel options are evaluated according to technical, economic, and environmental criteria to which different weights are assigned. The ranking of results indicates that drop-in fuels such as Fischer-Tropsch diesel, alcohol-based diesel, straight and hydrotreated vegetable oils and e-diesel stand out as promising mid-term alternatives. Biomass-based liquefied natural gas (Bio-LNG) performance in the evaluation is hampered mostly by the risk of methane slip. Green hydrogen and green ammonia, on the other hand, seem to be less competitive alternatives in the mid-term horizon for Brazil but may become alternatives for cabotage transport in the long-term.

国际海事组织 (IMO) 在中期和长期减少温室气体 (GHG) 排放方面做出了妥协。除了能源效率措施，未来几年潜在的碳中和燃料的开发是实现该行业目标的关键。巴西是一个主要的商品出口国，其不利的地理位置增加了其海上运输的碳强度。在此背景下，本研究提出了一种多标准方法来比较巴西海上贸易的可能替代燃料。为此，根据技术、经济和环境标准对 14 种燃料选项进行了评估，并为其分配了不同的权重。结果的排名表明，费托柴油、醇基柴油、纯植物油和加氢处理植物油以及电子柴油作为有前景的中期替代品脱颖而出。评估中基于生物质的液化天然气 (Bio-LNG) 的性能主要受到甲烷泄漏风险的阻碍。另一方面，绿色氢和绿色氨在中期看来似乎不是巴西的竞争性替代品，但从长远来看可能成为沿海运输的替代品。