Drinking clean and freshwater is essential for human and life necessities such as agricultural, human, and industrial needs. In almost every part of the world, access to safe drinking water has increased remarkably and significantly improved over the past few decades. However, some analysts believe that by 2026, more than half of the world's population will be vulnerable to water, a situation the UN calls a "water crisis." Desalination is an alternative source of water that can be used for irrigation, industry, and municipal purposes. The separation methods differentiate thermal and membrane-based desalination technologies. Thermal desalination excludes salt from seawater via evaporation and distillation, whereas membrane desalination enables water to diffuse through a membrane while salts are almost completely retained. Reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and electrodialysis are examples of membrane desalination, while MED, MSF, mechanical, and thermal vapor compression are examples of thermal desalination. RO and MSF are the most widely used techniques in the world. In either case, the energy usage in such systems is high, necessitating alternative energy sources for powered desalination. Desalination technologies require plenty amount of energy, which can be met by renewable energy. Wind, geothermal and solar power are the most common renewable energy sources. This review study analyzes traditional desalination technology and the renewable energy integrated desalination process, with a focus on geothermal-based seawater desalination. The use of geothermal energy as an alternative and renewable energy source should be seriously considered. Different types, configurations, and techniques should be considered in the study. The goal of the study is to understand the design concept and geothermal desalination processes.

饮用干净的淡水对于农业、人类和工业需求等人类和生活必需品至关重要。在过去的几十年里，几乎在世界的每个地方，获得安全饮用水的机会都显着增加，并且得到了显着改善。然而，一些分析人士认为，到2026年，世界上一半以上的人口将容易受到水的影响，这种情况被联合国称为“水危机”。海水淡化是一种替代水源，可用于灌溉、工业和市政用途。分离方法区分热脱盐技术和基于膜的脱盐技术。热脱盐通过蒸发和蒸馏从海水中排除盐分，而膜脱盐使水能够通过膜扩散，而盐分几乎完全保留。反渗透、离子交换和电渗析是膜脱盐的例子，而 MED、MSF、机械和热蒸汽压缩是热脱盐的例子。RO 和 MSF 是世界上使用最广泛的技术。在任何一种情况下，此类系统中的能源使用量都很高，因此需要替代能源用于动力脱盐。海水淡化技术需要大量能源，而可再生能源可以满足这一需求。风能、地热能和太阳能是最常见的可再生能源。本综述研究分析了传统的海水淡化技术和可再生能源综合海水淡化过程，重点是地热海水淡化。应认真考虑使用地热能作为替代和可再生能源。不同种类，研究中应考虑配置和技术。该研究的目标是了解设计概念和地热海水淡化过程。