Increasing evidence points towards using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease. EVs are nanosized carriers that play an essential role in intercellular communication and cellular homeostasis by transporting an active molecular cargo, including a large variety of proteins. Recent publications demonstrate that small heat shock proteins (HSPBs) exhibit a beneficial role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it is defined that HSPBs target the autophagy and the apoptosis pathway, playing a prominent role in chaperone activity and cell survival. This review elaborates on the therapeutic potential of EVs and HSPBs, in particular HSPB1 and HSPB8, in neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude that EVs and HSPBs positively influence neuroinflammation, central nervous system (CNS) repair, and protein aggregation in CNS disorders. Moreover, we propose the use of HSPB-loaded EVs as advanced nanocarriers for the future development of neurodegenerative disease therapies.

越来越多的证据表明，使用细胞外囊泡 (EV) 作为治疗多发性硬化症、帕金森氏症和阿尔茨海默氏症等神经退行性疾病的策略。EV 是纳米尺寸的载体，通过运输包括大量蛋白质在内的活性分子货物，在细胞间通讯和细胞稳态中发挥重要作用。最近的出版物表明，小热休克蛋白 (HSPB) 在神经退行性疾病中表现出有益的作用。此外，HSPBs 靶向自噬和细胞凋亡途径，在分子伴侣活性和细胞存活中发挥重要作用。本综述详细阐述了 EV 和 HSPB，特别是 HSPB1 和 HSPB8 在神经退行性疾病中的治疗潜力。我们得出结论，EV 和 HSPB 对 CNS 疾病中的神经炎症、中枢神经系统 (CNS) 修复和蛋白质聚集有积极影响。此外，我们建议使用载有 HSPB 的电动汽车作为先进的纳米载体，用于未来神经退行性疾病疗法的发展。