Rapidly exhausting fossil fuels combined with the ever-increasing demand for energy led to an ongoing search for alternative energy sources to meet the transportation, manufacturing, domestic and other energy demands of the grown population. Microalgae are at the forefront of alternative energy research due to their significant potential as a renewable feedstock for biofuels. However, microalgae platforms have not found a way into industrial-scale bioenergy production due to various technical and economic constraints. The present review provides a detailed overview of the challenges in microalgae production processes for bioenergy purposes with supporting techno-economic assessments related to microalgae cultivation, harvesting and downstream processes required for crude oil or biofuel production. In addition, biorefinery approaches that can valorize the by-products or co-products in microalgae production and enhance the techno-economic of the production process are discussed.

快速耗尽的化石燃料与不断增长的能源需求相结合，促使人们不断寻找替代能源，以满足不断增长的人口对交通、制造、家庭和其他能源的需求。微藻作为生物燃料的可再生原料具有巨大的潜力，因此处于替代能源研究的前沿。然而，由于各种技术和经济限制，微藻平台尚未找到进入工业规模生物能源生产的途径。本综述详细概述了用于生物能源目的的微藻生产过程中的挑战，并提供了与微藻培养、收获和原油或生物燃料生产所需的下游过程相关的技术经济评估。此外，