Objective To examine the risk of urogenital, colorectal, and neurological cancers after a first diagnosis of acute urinary retention. Design Nationwide population based cohort study. Setting All hospitals in Denmark. Participants 75 983 patients aged 50 years or older with a first hospital admission for acute urinary retention during 1995-2017. Main outcome measures Absolute risk of urogenital, colorectal, and neurological cancer and excess risk of these cancers among patients with acute urinary retention compared with the general population. Results The absolute risk of prostate cancer after a first diagnosis of acute urinary retention was 5.1% (n=3198) at three months, 6.7% (n=4233) at one year, and 8.5% (n=5217) at five years. Within three months of follow-up, 218 excess cases of prostate cancer per 1000 person years were detected. An additional 21 excess cases per 1000 person years were detected during three to less than 12 months of follow-up, but beyond 12 months the excess risk was negligible. Within three months of follow-up the excess risk for urinary tract cancer was 56 per 1000 person years, for genital cancer in women was 24 per 1000 person years, for colorectal cancer was 12 per 1000 person years, and for neurological cancer was 2 per 1000 person years. For most of the studied cancers, the excess risk was confined to within three months of follow-up, but the risk of prostate and urinary tract cancer remained increased during three to less than 12 months of follow-up. In women, an excess risk of invasive bladder cancer persisted for several years. Conclusions Acute urinary retention might be a clinical marker for occult urogenital, colorectal, and neurological cancers. Occult cancer should possibly be considered in patients aged 50 years or older presenting with acute urinary retention and no obvious underlying cause. The datasets analysed during the current study are not freely available owing to national regulations, but similar data are accessible to authorised researchers after application to the Danish Health Data Authority.

中文翻译：

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急性尿潴留和癌症风险：基于人群的丹麦队列研究

目的 旨在检查首次诊断为急性尿潴留后患泌尿生殖系统、结直肠和神经系统癌症的风险。设计全国人口队列研究。设置 丹麦的所有医院。参与者 75 983 名年龄在 50 岁或以上且在 1995 年至 2017 年期间因急性尿潴留首次入院的患者。主要结局指标与普通人群相比，急性尿潴留患者患泌尿生殖系统、结直肠和神经系统癌症的绝对风险以及这些癌症的额外风险。结果 首次诊断为急性尿潴留后患前列腺癌的绝对风险在三个月时为 5.1% (n=3198)，一年时为 6.7% (n=4233)，五年时为 8.5% (n=5217)。在三个月的随访中，每 1000 人年检测到 218 例前列腺癌。在 3 个月到不到 12 个月的随访期间，每 1000 人年又发现了 21 例超额病例，但超过 12 个月的超额风险可以忽略不计。在随访三个月内，泌尿道癌的超额风险为每 1000 人年 56 人，女性生殖器癌为每 1000 人年 24 人，结直肠癌为每 1000 人年 12 人，神经系统癌症为 2 人年。 1000人年。对于大多数研究的癌症，超额风险仅限于随访的三个月内，但在随访的 3 至不到 12 个月内，前列腺癌和泌尿道癌的风险仍然增加。在女性中，浸润性膀胱癌的高风险持续了数年。结论急性尿潴留可能是隐匿性泌尿生殖道、结直肠、和神经系统癌症。50 岁或 50 岁以上出现急性尿潴留且无明显潜在病因的患者可能应考虑隐匿性癌症。由于国家法规，当前研究中分析的数据集不能免费获得，但在向丹麦卫生数据管理局申请后，授权研究人员可以访问类似的数据。