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Assessing the lack of context knowledge for a pedestrian predicting neural network
International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications Pub Date : 2021-10-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s41315-021-00208-w
Stefan Kerscher 1 , Nikolaus Müller 2 , Bernd Ludwig 3
Affiliation  

Ensuring a safe journey with an autonomous vehicle, the surrounding has to be sensed and understood. Especially human intuition about the plans and intentions of traffic participants is hard to model for machines. In literature, there are already several prediction techniques existing for pedestrians, which are based on different features. Some models are very complex, whereas others only rely on the considered person’s motion. The goal of this work is to analyze the importance of different classes of context knowledge for the prediction performance, derive features to remove this lack of information and prove this by an improved prediction algorithm. In order to judge the lack of context knowledge, we analyze the prediction performance and error cases of a long short-term memory (LSTM) Neural Network as State-of-the-Art prediction algorithm, only based on motion data. The Network is trained and evaluated on a benchmark dataset, to make the results comparable to other approaches. Analyzing the most error-prone predictions, the missing context shall be identified, which could improve the prediction results. Since the data was generated by video, we can evaluate the whole scenario and identify the influencing factors. The found influences were classified in categories and their importance for the prediction model estimated. We prove the necessity of additional context knowledge by retraining a neural network with additional context knowledge. In a literature research we compare our found results to existing approaches.



中文翻译:

评估行人预测神经网络缺乏上下文知识

为了确保自动驾驶汽车的安全旅程,必须感知和理解周围环境。尤其是人类对交通参与者的计划和意图的直觉很难为机器建模。在文献中,已经有几种基于不同特征的行人预测技术。一些模型非常复杂,而另一些模型仅依赖于所考虑的人的运动。这项工作的目标是分析不同类别的上下文知识对预测性能的重要性,导出特征以消除这种信息缺乏,并通过改进的预测算法证明这一点。为了判断上下文知识的缺乏,我们分析了长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络作为最先进的预测算法的预测性能和错误情况,仅基于运动数据。该网络在基准数据集上进行了训练和评估,以使结果与其他方法具有可比性。分析最容易出错的预测,应识别缺失的上下文,这可以改善预测结果。由于数据是通过视频生成的,我们可以评估整个场景并确定影响因素。发现的影响按类别分类,并估计它们对预测模型的重要性。我们通过使用附加上下文知识重新训练神经网络来证明附加上下文知识的必要性。在文献研究中,我们将发现的结果与现有方法进行比较。分析最容易出错的预测,应识别缺失的上下文,这可以改善预测结果。由于数据是通过视频生成的,我们可以评估整个场景并确定影响因素。发现的影响按类别分类,并估计它们对预测模型的重要性。我们通过使用附加上下文知识重新训练神经网络来证明附加上下文知识的必要性。在文献研究中,我们将发现的结果与现有方法进行比较。分析最容易出错的预测,应识别缺失的上下文,这可以改善预测结果。由于数据是通过视频生成的,我们可以评估整个场景并确定影响因素。发现的影响按类别分类,并估计它们对预测模型的重要性。我们通过使用附加上下文知识重新训练神经网络来证明附加上下文知识的必要性。在文献研究中,我们将发现的结果与现有方法进行比较。我们通过使用附加上下文知识重新训练神经网络来证明附加上下文知识的必要性。在文献研究中,我们将发现的结果与现有方法进行比较。我们通过使用附加上下文知识重新训练神经网络来证明附加上下文知识的必要性。在文献研究中,我们将发现的结果与现有方法进行比较。

更新日期:2021-10-19
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