The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased over the last few decades, and one of the major contributors to this is lifestyle, especially diet. High intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of dietary fiber is linked to an increase in NCDs. Conversely, a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of dietary fiber seem to have a protective effect on general health. Several mechanisms have been identified that underlie this phenomenon. In this review, we focus on pharmacological receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors, which can be activated by nutritional components and their metabolites. Depending on the nutritional component and the receptors involved, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects occur, leading to an altered immune response. These insights may provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of NCDs and their inherent (sub)chronic inflammation.

中文翻译：

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营养成分对免疫反应的药理调节

在过去的几十年中，非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的发病率有所增加，其中一个主要因素是生活方式，尤其是饮食。饱和脂肪酸的高摄入量和膳食纤维的低摄入量与非传染性疾病的增加有关。相反，饱和脂肪酸摄入量低和膳食纤维摄入量高似乎对整体健康有保护作用。已经确定了造成这种现象的几种机制。在这篇综述中，我们关注药理学受体，包括芳烃受体、类视黄醇 X 受体的结合伴侣、G 偶联蛋白受体和 toll 样受体，它们可以被营养成分及其代谢物激活。根据所涉及的营养成分和受体，促炎和抗炎作用都会发生，导致免疫反应改变。这些见解可能为预防和治疗非传染性疾病及其固有的（亚）慢性炎症提供机会。