Japanese dace (Pseudaspius hakonensis) foraging and predator avoidance behaviors were studied in dace schools with and without vicinity predators in Lake Nojiri, Nagano Japan. Dace and invasive smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), which were the only predator observed, were found interacting in shallow habitat along the shoreline. Dace exhibited remarkably different total foraging, foraging modes, and predator avoidance behavior when smallmouth bass were in vicinity. Total foraging was significantly reduced, foraging mode shifted from predominantly benthic foraging to water column foraging, and dace schooled tighter indicated by a significant decrease in nearest neighbor distance and increase in neighbor alignment. These findings show that in Lake Nojiri, dace recognize smallmouth bass as a predator and utilize predator avoidance behaviors. However, the severely decreased total dace foraging when smallmouth bass are in vicinity indicates that even when direct predation is avoided, the indirect effects of reduced foraging and heightened vigilance likely negatively impact dace growth and survival.

在日本长野野尻湖附近有和没有附近捕食者的鲮鱼学校中研究了日本鲇鱼（Pseudaspius hakonensis）的觅食和捕食者回避行为。鲮鱼和侵入性小嘴鲈鱼 ( Micropterus dolomieu)，这是观察到的唯一捕食者，被发现在沿海岸线的浅层栖息地相互作用。当小嘴鲈鱼在附近时，Dace 表现出明显不同的总觅食、觅食模式和捕食者回避行为。总觅食显着减少，觅食模式从主要的底栖觅食转变为水体觅食，并且最近邻距离的显着减小和邻域排列的增加表明鲱鱼的训练更紧密。这些发现表明，在野尻湖，鲇鱼将小口黑鲈识别为捕食者，并利用躲避捕食者的行为。然而，当小嘴黑鲈在附近时，鲭鱼的总觅食量严重减少，这表明即使避免了直接捕食，