The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) has a tropism for the gastrointestinal tract and several studies have shown an alteration of the gut microbiota in hospitalized infected patients. However, long-term data on microbiota changes after recovery are lacking. We enrolled 30 patients hospitalized for SARS‑CoV‑2-related pneumonia. Their gut microbiota was analyzed within 48 h from the admission and compared with (1) that of other patients admitted for suspected bacterial pneumonia (control group) (2) that obtained from the same subject 6 months after nasopharyngeal swab negativization. Gut microbiota alpha-diversity increased 6 months after the resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bacteroidetes relative abundance was higher (≈ 36.8%) in patients with SARS-CoV-2, and declined to 18.7% when SARS-CoV-2 infection resolved (p = 0.004). Conversely, Firmicutes were prevalent (≈ 75%) in controls and in samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution (p = 0.001). Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Blautia increased after SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution, rebalancing the gut microbiota composition. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with changes in the gut microbiome, which tend to be reversed in long-term period.

中文翻译：

---

SARS-CoV-2感染解决后肠道微生物群特征得到改善

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 对胃肠道具有嗜性，多项研究表明住院感染患者的肠道微生物群发生了改变。然而，缺乏恢复后微生物群变化的长期数据。我们招募了 30 名因 SARS-CoV-2 相关肺炎住院的患者。在入院后 48 小时内分析他们的肠道微生物群，并与（1）因疑似细菌性肺炎入院的其他患者（对照组）（2）在鼻咽拭子阴性后 6 个月从同一受试者获得的肠道微生物群进行比较。SARS-CoV-2感染消退6个月后，肠道微生物群α多样性增加。SARS-CoV-2 患者的拟杆菌相对丰度较高（≈ 36.8%），当 SARS-CoV-2 感染消退后，该比例下降至 18.7%（p = 0. 004）。相反，在对照和 SARS-CoV-2 感染消退后收集的样本中，厚壁菌门普遍存在（≈ 75%）（p = 0.001）。在 SARS-CoV-2 感染解决后，瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科和 Blautia 增加，重新平衡了肠道微生物群的组成。SARS-CoV-2感染与肠道微生物组的变化有关，长期来看往往会逆转。