Severe storms are often associated with high temporal and spatial variations in atmospheric moisture deviation. Satellite-based hyperspectral IR sounders are widely used for weather forecasting and data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. Current infrared (IR) sounders have spatial resolutions ranging from 12 to 16 km, with future sounders improved to 4–8 km. It is important to understand if measurements from the current and future IR sounders can capture small-scale atmospheric moisture variations, especially during mesoscale weather events. Using measurements from three Advanced Himawari Imager moisture absorption bands, different sounder resolutions are simulated for sub-footprint moisture variation analysis. Current sounders are limited when attempting to capture small-scale moisture variations, especially over land and in the pre-convection environment. In contrast, future sounders such as the InfraRed Sounder with 4 km resolution can better capture such small-scale variations. In addition, the higher spatial resolution IR sounders provide more clear sky observations for applications.

中文翻译：

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当前的高光谱红外探测器能否捕获小尺度大气水汽空间变化？

强风暴通常与大气湿度偏差的高时空变化有关。基于卫星的高光谱红外探测器广泛用于数值天气预报中的天气预报和数据同化。当前的红外 (IR) 测深仪的空间分辨率为 12 至 16 公里，未来的测深仪可提高到 4 至 8 公里。了解当前和未来 IR 探测器的测量值是否可以捕获小尺度大气湿度变化非常重要，尤其是在中尺度天气事件期间。使用来自三个 Advanced Himawari Imager 吸湿带的测量结果，模拟不同的测深仪分辨率以进行亚足迹水分变化分析。当前的测深仪在尝试捕捉小尺度水分变化时受到限制，尤其是在陆地上空和在对流前的环境中。相比之下，未来的测深仪（例如分辨率为 4 公里的红外测深仪）可以更好地捕捉这种小尺度变化。此外，更高空间分辨率的红外探测器可为应用提供更清晰的天空观测。