Purpose

Major depression is a leading cause of disability and represents a significant health concern for adolescents. Evidence of temporal trends in adolescent depression stratified by sociodemographic characteristics is needed.

Methods

This study drew on 11 years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 167,783), a nationally representative survey of adolescents aged 12–17 years conducted between 2009 and 2019.

Results

The prevalence of past-year major depressive episode (MDE) increased by 7.7 percentage points from 8.1% to 15.8% between 2009 and 2019. MDE increased by 12 percentage points from 11.4% to 23.4% among girls. The gender difference in the prevalence of MDE increased from 6.4% to 14.8% between 2009 and 2019. Black participants experienced a comparatively small increase in depression (4.1%).

Conclusions

Since 2009 there has been a sharp and sustained increase in depression among adolescent girls in the U.S. This concerning trend highlights the critical importance of directing prevention and intervention efforts toward this group.

中文翻译：

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2009 年至 2019 年美国青少年抑郁症患病率：按性别、种族/民族和收入分析趋势

目的

重度抑郁症是导致残疾的主要原因，对青少年来说是一个重大的健康问题。需要按社会人口学特征分层的青少年抑郁症的时间趋势的证据。

方法

这项研究借鉴了 11 年的全国药物使用和健康调查 (N = 167,783)，这是一项在 2009 年至 2019 年间对 12-17 岁青少年进行的具有全国代表性的调查。

结果

从 2009 年到 2019 年，过去一年重度抑郁发作 (MDE) 的患病率从 8.1% 上升到 15.8%，上升了 7.7 个百分点。女孩中 MDE 的患病率从 11.4% 上升到 23.4%，上升了 12 个百分点。2009 年至 2019 年间，MDE 患病率的性别差异从 6.4% 增加到 14.8%。黑人参与者的抑郁症增加相对较小（4.1%）。

结论

自 2009 年以来，美国少女的抑郁症急剧且持续增加。这一令人担忧的趋势凸显了针对这一群体进行预防和干预工作的重要性。