Flux observations are important for understanding the basic processes of carbon and water cycling in an ecosystem. In 2020 (1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020), we continuously monitored the surface energy fluxes of a shrub ecosystem using an eddy covariance system. Additionally, meteorological variables, such as temperature and rainfall, were measured. The study site was located in Chunhua of China, which is a gully region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The diurnal and seasonal dynamic changes in the energy balance of this region were analysed, Bowen and energy balance ratios were calculated, and environmental factors affecting the variations in latent (LE) and sensible heat fluxes (H) were explored. The results showed that the annual net radiation (Rn), LE, H, and soil heat flux (G) were 2385.6, 1059.1, 787.6, and - 48.3 MJ/m², respectively, with 490.58 MJ/m² energy remaining undetected. The main part of the annual energy of the shrub ecosystem was latent heat, accounting for 44.4% of Rn. A seasonal variation in each energy component was evident, and the diurnal variation showed a single peak curve. LE in the growing season was dominant, and the proportion of LE and H in the net radiation in the non-growing season showed little difference. The Bowen ratio changed monthly and significantly fluctuated from 0.2 in July to 4.0 in December. It was high in winter and low in summer, with little fluctuation. The annual energy balance ratio was 0.8. The energy balance closure in the non-growing season was greater than that in the growing season. Both H and LE were significantly correlated with net radiation, and H was negatively correlated with rainfall, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Unlike H, LE was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature. In addition, LE was positively correlated with air humidity gradient and water vapour pressure difference.